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Continental crust
The continental crust is the
layer of granitic,
sedimentary and metamorphic
rocks which form the
continents and the areas of
shallow seabed close to
their shores, known as
continental shelves. It is
... > full story
Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the solid
outermost shell of a rocky
planet. On the Earth, the
lithosphere includes the
crust and the uppermost
layer of the mantle (the
upper mantle or lower
lithosphere) which is joined
... > full story
Crust (geology)
In geology, a crust is the
outermost layer of a
planet.
The crust of the Earth is
composed of a great variety
of igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary rocks. The crust
... > full story
Earth science
Many scientists are now
starting to use an approach
known as Earth system
science which treats the
entire Earth as a system in
its own right, which evolves
as a result of positive and
negative feedback between
... > full story
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Browse Reference Articles
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Geophysics
Geophysics, the study of the earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic reflection and refraction, geodesy, gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, and radioactivity ... > more -
Geologic fault
Geologic faults or simply faults are planar rock fractures which show evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are ... > more -
Mid-ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the ... > more -
Elastic-rebound theory
In geology, the elastic rebound theory was the first theory to satisfactorily explain earthquakes. Previously it was thought that ruptures of the surface were the result of strong ground shaking ... > more -
Engineering geology
Engineering Geology is the application of the science of geology to the understanding of geologic phenomena and the engineering solution of geologic hazards and other geologic problems for ... > more -
Hotspot (geology)
In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. Hotspots were thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle ... > more -
Alpine Fault
The Alpine Fault is a geological fault, known as a right-lateral strike-slip fault, that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island. It forms a transform boundary between the Pacific ... > more -
Igneous rock
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive ... > more -
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle. As the heads of mantle plumes can partly melt when they reach shallow depths, they are thought to be the cause of ... > more
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