Browse Reference Articles
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Greenhouse gas
Greenhouse gases are components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, while others result from human activities such as ... > more -
Igneous rock
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive ... > more -
Weapons Technology
Nuclear Energy
Renewable Energy
Energy and the Environment
Physics
Environmental Science
Effects of nuclear explosions
A nuclear explosion occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from an uncontrolled nuclear reaction. The driving reaction may be nuclear fission, nuclear fusion or a multistage cascading ... > more -
Ozone layer
The ozone layer is the part of the Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). "Relatively high" means a few parts per million - much higher than the ... > more -
Cyclone Mala
Cyclone Mala, also known as Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Mala, was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 2006 North Indian cyclone ... > more -
Catastrophe modeling
Catastrophe modeling (also known as cat modeling) is the process of using computer-assisted calculations to estimate the losses that could be sustained by a portfolio of properties due to a ... > more -
Energy and the Environment
Renewable Energy
Environmental Science
Fuel Cells
Sustainability
Alternative Fuels
Liquid nitrogen economy
A liquid nitrogen economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. It is proposed as an alternative to liquid ... > more
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