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Sea level
Mean sea level (MSL) is the
average (mean) height of the
sea, with reference to a
suitable reference surface.
Defining the reference
level, however, involves
complex measurement, and
accurately determining MSL
... > full story
Seawater
Seawater is water from a sea
or ocean. On average,
seawater in the world's
oceans has a salinity of
approximately 3.5%, or 35
parts per thousand. This
means that for every 1 litre
(1000 mL) of seawater there
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Ocean current
An ocean current is any more
or less permanent or
continuous, directed
movement of ocean water that
flows in one of the Earth's
oceans. The currents are
generated from the forces
acting upon the water like
... > full story
Sediment
Sediment is any particulate
matter that can be
transported by fluid flow
and which eventually is
deposited as a layer of
solid particles on the bed
or bottom of a body of water
or other liquid.
... > full story
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Browse Reference Articles
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Sequence stratigraphy
Sequence stratigraphy is a relatively new branch of geology that attempts to link prehistoric sea-level changes to sedimentary deposits. The 'sequence' part of the name refers to cyclic sedimentary ... > more -
Mid-ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the ... > more -
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They also are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Trenches define one of the most important ... > more -
Earth science
Many scientists are now starting to use an approach known as Earth system science which treats the entire Earth as a system in its own right, which evolves as a result of positive and negative ... > more -
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the name given to the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by their uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Between 1751 and 2004 ... > more -
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton refers to the autotrophic component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. Most phytoplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye. Phytoplankton, like ... > more
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