Early Cultures Articles

• Caving
  Oceanography
  Archaeology
  Ancient Civilizations
  Water
  Evolution
   
  

  Stalagmite

  A stalagmite is a type of speleothem that rises from the floor of a limestone cave due to the dripping of mineralized solutions and the deposition of calcium carbonate. The corresponding formation ... > more
• Global Warming
  Oceanography
  El Nino and La Nina
  Climate
  Floods
  Geography
   
  

  Sea level

  Mean sea level (MSL) is the average (mean) height of the sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface. Defining the reference level, however, involves complex measurement, and accurately ... > more
• Geology
  Earthquakes
  Natural Disasters
  Earth Science
  Tsunamis
  Near-Earth Object Impacts
   
  

  Lithosphere

  The lithosphere is the solid outermost shell of a rocky planet. On the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle (the upper mantle or lower lithosphere) which is ... > more
• Cell Biology
  Molecular Biology
  Genetics
  Biotechnology
  Biochemistry Research
  Life Sciences
   
  

  Structural alignment

  Structural alignment is a form of sequence alignment based on comparison of shape. These alignments attempt to establish equivalences between two or more polymer structures based on their shape and ... > more
• Evolutionary Biology
  Evolution
  Charles Darwin
  Human Evolution
  Early Humans
  Biology
   
  

  Evolution of the eye

  The evolution of the eye has been a subject of significant study, as a distinctive example of a homologous organ present in a wide variety of species. The development of the eye is considered by most ... > more
• New Species
  Apes
  Animals
  Life Sciences
  Wild Animals
  Developmental Biology
   

  Priapulida

  Priapulida are a phylum of marine worms with an extensible spiny proboscis. Priapulid fossils are known at least as far back as the Middle Cambrian. Their nearest relatives are probably Kinorhyncha ... > more
• Extinction
  Dinosaurs
  Endangered Animals
  Endangered Plants
  Nature
  Fossils
   
  

  Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event

  The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was a period of massive extinction of species, about 65.5 million years ago. It corresponds to the end of the Cretaceous Period and the beginning of the ... > more
• Organic Chemistry
  Graphene
  Electronics
  Nanotechnology
  Chemistry
  Fossil Fuels
   
  

  Carbon-14

  Carbon-14, 14C, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon discovered on February 27, 1940, by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben. Its nucleus contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Its presence in ... > more
• Dinosaurs
  New Species
  Fossils
  Extinction
  Paleontology
  Early Mammals
   
  

  Brachiosaurus

  The Brachiosaurus is a famous dinosaur that lived during the Jurassic period. One of the largest ever dinosaurs to walk the earth, it has become a famous animal synonymous with dinosaurs, and is ... > more
• Geology
  Earthquakes
  Earth Science
  Natural Disasters
  Near-Earth Object Impacts
  Atmosphere
   
  

  Crust (geology)

  In geology, a crust is the outermost layer of a planet. The crust of the Earth is composed of a great variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The crust is underlain by the mantle. ... > more

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