Early Cultures Articles

• Evolutionary Biology
  Evolution
  Charles Darwin
  Nature
  Human Evolution
  Early Humans
   
  

  Parallel evolution

  Parallel evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits, starting from a similar ancestral condition. Frequently this is the situation in more closely related lineages, where several ... > more
• Evolutionary Biology
  Evolution
  Charles Darwin
  Nature
  Human Evolution
  Biology
   
  

  Convergent evolution

  In evolutionary biology, convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar ... > more
• Evolution
  Evolutionary Biology
  Charles Darwin
  Biochemistry Research
  Nature
  Biology
   
  

  Natural selection

  Natural selection is the phrase Charles Darwin used in 1859 for the process he proposed to explain the origin of species and their apparent adaptation to their environment. Along with the rules of ... > more
• Microbiology
  Cell Biology
  Molecular Biology
  Genetics
  Origin of Life
  Developmental Biology
   

  Prokaryote

  Prokaryotes are organisms without a cell nucleus, or indeed any other membrane-bound organelles, in most cases unicellular (in rare cases, multicellular). This set of characteristics is distinct from ... > more
• Forest
  Exotic Species
  Rainforests
  Acid Rain
  Ecology
  Wildfires
   
  

  Petrified wood

  Petrified wood is a type of fossil: it exists of fossil wood where all the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (most often a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original ... > more
• Sports Medicine
  Human Biology
  Healthy Aging
  Obesity
  Foodborne Illness
  Life Sciences
   
  

  Flatworm

  The flatworms are a phylum of relatively simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. With about 25,000 known species they are the largest phylum of acoelomates. Flatworms are found in marine, ... > more
• Earth Science
  Environmental Issues
  Global Warming
  Geomagnetic Storms
  Near-Earth Object Impacts
  Anthropology
   

  End of civilization

  The end of civilization or the end of the world are phrases used in reference to human extinction scenarios, doomsday events, and related hazards which occur on a global ... > more
• Dinosaurs
  Geography
  Environmental Policy
  Charles Darwin
  Origin of Life
  Paleontology
   

  Jurassic

  The Jurassic period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 200 Ma (million years ago) at the end of the Triassic to 146 Ma at the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic ... > more
• Dinosaurs
  Fish
  Extinction
  Evolutionary Biology
  Marine Biology
  Evolution
   
  

  Ichthyosaur

  Ichthyosaurs were giant marine reptiles that resemble a dolphin with large teeth. They lived during a large part of the Mesozoic era, and appeared about 250 million years ago (Ma), slightly earlier ... > more
• Fossils
  Early Mammals
  Origin of Life
  Evolution
  Dinosaurs
  Paleontology
   
  

  Smilodon

  Smilodon means knife tooth, an entirely appropriate name given its enormous fangs. The smilodon species are also known as Saber-Toothed Cats (which is inaccurate because there are other, unrelated ... > more

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