The formation of galaxies is still one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for galaxy evolution.
Some ideas, however, are now widely accepted.
After the Big Bang, the universe had a period when it was remarkably homogeneous, as can be observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background, the fluctuations of which are less than one part in one hundred thousand.
The most accepted view today is that all the structure we observe today was formed as a consequence of the growth of primordial fluctuations.
The primordial fluctuations caused gas to be attracted to areas of denser material, and star clusters and stars.
One consequence of this model is that the location of galaxies indicates areas of higher density of the early universe.
Hence the distribution of galaxies is closely related to the physics of the early universe.
Shape of the Universe The shape of the Universe is a subject of investigation within physical cosmology. Cosmologists and astronomers describe the geometry of the Universe ... >
read more
Dark energy In physical cosmology, dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the ... >
read more
Physical cosmology Physical cosmology, as a branch of astrophysics, is the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and is concerned with fundamental ... >
read more
Big Bang nucleosynthesis In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (or primordial nucleosynthesis) refers to the production of nuclei other than H-1, the normal, light ... >
read more
Ultimate fate of the universe The ultimate fate of the universe is a subject of study in the field of cosmology. Vying scientific theories predict whether the life of the universe ... >
read more
Dark matter In astrophysics and cosmology, dark matter is hypothetical matter of unknown composition that does not emit or reflect enough electromagnetic ... >
read more
Big Bang The Big Bang is the cosmological model of the universe whose primary assertion is that the universe has expanded into its current state from a ... >
read more
Edwin Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 - September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer, noted for his discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way and ... >
read more