Browse Reference Articles
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In vitro fertilisation
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a technique in which egg cells are fertilised outside the woman's body. IVF is a major treatment in infertility where other methods of achieving conception have ... > more -
Protein structure
Proteins, similar to carbohydrates and lipids, are made up of such elements as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are amino acid chains, made up from 20 different L-alpha-amino acids, also referred to ... > more -
Radiography
Radiography is the creation of images by exposing a photographic film or other image receptor to X-rays. Since X-rays penetrate solid objects, but are weakened by them depending on the object's ... > more -
Global spread of H5N1 in 2006
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. While prior H5N1 strains have been known, they were significantly different from the current H5N1 ... > more -
Human parainfluenza viruses
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a group of four distinct serotypes of single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the paramyxovirus family. They are the second most common cause of lower ... > more -
MMR vaccine
The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immunization against measles, mumps and rubella. It is generally administered to children around the age of one ... > more
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