A paradox is an apparently true statement or group of statements that leads to a contradiction or a situation which defies intuition.
Typically, either the statements in question do not really imply the contradiction, the puzzling result is not really a contradiction, or the premises themselves are not all really true or cannot all be true together.
The recognition of ambiguities, equivocations, and unstated assumptions underlying known paradoxes has led to significant advances in science, philosophy and mathematics.
Common themes in paradoxes include direct and indirect self-reference, infinity, circular definitions, and confusion of levels of reasoning.
Probability theory Probability theory is the mathematical study of phenomena characterized by randomness or uncertainty. More precisely, probability is used for ... >
read more
Quantum entanglement Quantum entanglement is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to ... >
read more
Hash function A hash function or hash algorithm is a function for examining the input data and producing an output hash value. The process of computing such a ... >
read more
Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is the economics sub-field of study that considers aggregate behavior, and the study of the sum of individual economic decisions. ... >
read more
Mathematical model A mathematical model is an abstract model that uses mathematical language to describe the behaviour of a system. Mathematical models are used ... >
read more
Correlation In probability theory and statistics, correlation, also called correlation coefficient, indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship ... >
read more
Euclidean geometry Euclidean geometry is a mathematical well-known system attributed to the Greek mathematician Euclid of Alexandria. Euclid's text Elements was the ... >
read more
Quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics is a fundamental branch of theoretical physics that replaces Newtonian mechanics and classical electromagnetism at the atomic and ... >
read more