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ShareProteins, similar to carbohydrates and lipids, are made up of such elements as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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They are amino acid chains, made up from 20 different L-alpha-amino acids, also referred to as residues, that fold into unique three-dimensional protein structures.
The shape in which a protein naturally folds is known as its native state, which is determined by its sequence of amino acids.
Under 40 residues the term peptide is frequently used.
A certain number of residues is necessary to perform a particular biochemical function, and around 40-50 residues appears to be the lower limit for a functional domain size.
Protein sizes range from this lower limit to several thousand residues in multi-functional or structural proteins.
However, the current estimate for the average protein length is around 300 residues.
Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits, for example many thousand actin molecules assemble into an actin filament.
Large protein complexes with RNA are found in the ribosome particles, which are in fact 'ribozymes'.
For more information about the topic Protein structure, read the full article at Wikipedia.org, or see the following related articles:
Denaturation (biochemistry) — Denaturation is the alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress (for example, by applying heat, acid or alkali), in such a way ... > read more
Collagen — Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals. It is one of the long, fibrous structural ... > read more
Keratin — Keratins are a family of fibrous structural proteins; tough and insoluble, they form the hard but nonmineralized structures found in reptiles, birds ... > read more
Structural alignment (genomics) — Structural alignment is a form of sequence alignment based on comparison of shape. These alignments attempt to establish equivalences between two or ... > read more
Biochemistry — Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. Biochemistry is the study of the structure and function ... > read more
Editor's Note: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
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