ESA Articles

• Quantum Physics
  Physics
  Chemistry
  Inorganic Chemistry
  Cosmic Rays
  Graphene
   
  

  Atom

  In chemistry and physics, an atom is the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties. An atom consists of a dense nucleus of positively-charged protons and ... > more
• Solar System
  Pluto
  Kuiper Belt
  Satellites
  Eris (Xena)
  Moon
   
  

  Dysnomia (moon)

  Dysnomia, is a moon of the dwarf planet Eris. The satellite is about 60 times fainter than Eris, and its diameter is estimated to be approximately eight times smaller. Astronomers now know that three ... > more
• Astrophysics
  Dark Matter
  Cosmology
  Astronomy
  Big Bang
  Black Holes
   
  

  Dark energy

  In physical cosmology, dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the universe. Assuming the existence of dark energy is ... > more
• Sun
  Solar Flare
  Northern Lights
  Astronomy
  Solar System
  Extrasolar Planets
   
  

  Sunspot

  A sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface (photosphere) that is marked by a lower temperature than its surroundings and intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection, forming areas of low ... > more
• Cosmic Rays
  Black Holes
  Space Telescopes
  NASA
  Space Exploration
  Astronomy
   
  

  Gamma ray burst

  Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous physical phenomena in the universe known to the field of astronomy. They consist of flashes of gamma rays that last from seconds to hours, the longer ones being ... > more
• Space Station
  Space Exploration
  NASA
  Space Probes
  Astronomy
  Space Missions
   
  

  Space elevator

  A space elevator is a theoretical structure designed to transport material from a planet's surface into space. Many different types of space elevators have been proposed. They all share the goal of ... > more
• Physics
  Albert Einstein
  Quantum Physics
  Black Holes
  Sports Science
  Cosmic Rays
   
  

  Special relativity

  Special relativity inter-relates space and time in such a way that the speed of light is constant, and the theory leads to situations where two observers can disagree over time intervals and ... > more
• Pluto
  Kuiper Belt
  Extrasolar Planets
  Solar System
  Eris (Xena)
  Astronomy
   
  

  Definition of planet

  The definition of "planet" has for some time been the subject of intense debate. Although the word dates back thousands of years, no officially decreed scientific definition of "planet" existed ... > more
• Black Holes
  Astronomy
  Astrophysics
  Galaxies
  Stars
  Solar Flare
   
  

  Black hole

  A black hole is a concentration of mass great enough that the force of gravity prevents anything from escaping it except through quantum tunnelling behaviour (known as Hawking Radiation). The ... > more
• Quantum Physics
  Physics
  Cosmic Rays
  Black Holes
  Spintronics
  Sun
   
  

  Subatomic particle

  A subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom: it may be elementary or composite. Particle physics and nuclear physics concern themselves with the study of these particles, their ... > more

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