"This approval is highly significant because, after reviewing our initial safety data, the Food and Drug Administration approved us to include more patients in our study," said Patrick D. Lyden, MD, chair of the Department of Neurology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and the study's overall principal investigator. Thomas Hemmen, MD, PhD, director of the University of California, San Diego Health System Stroke Center, and James C. Grotta, MD, chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), are co-principal investigators.

This study, which includes the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA), the only FDA-approved treatment for acute stroke, is the latest in a series of clinical trials on brain cooling -- controlled hypothermia -- to reduce neurological damage after stroke.

Researchers employ a state-of-the-art system to provide rapid heat exchange and very fast cooling, achieved by inserting a special catheter into the inferior vena cava -- the body's largest vein. No fluid enters the patient; an internal circulation within the catheter absorbs the body's heat and transfers it out to slow metabolism, keep tissue swelling in check and give the brain time to rest.

Study participants are covered with a warming blanket to trick the body into feeling warm, and temperature sensors in the skin and a mild sedative help suppress shivering. Body temperature is cooled to 33 degrees Celsius (about 91 degrees Fahrenheit) for 24 hours before the patient is gradually warmed.

Brain cooling has been shown to decrease brain swelling and reduce loss of neurological function after acute stroke. It also has proved highly effective in saving lives and preventing neurological damage after heart attack and after oxygen deprivation in newborns.

TPA, which must be given to a patient as quickly as possible after stroke onset, sometimes can dissolve a clot and prevent or reduce serious brain injury. Lyden, the Carmen and Louis Warschaw Chair in Neurology at Cedars-Sinai, helped lead the pivotal clinical trial of the drug that led to its approval by the FDA in 1996.

The brain cooling clinical trials (ICTuS, Intravascular Cooling for Acute Stroke) are funded by grants supported under the Specialized Program for Acute Translational Research (SPOTRIAS) from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, part of the National Institutes of Health (Grant numbers NIH/NINDS P50NS044227 and P50NS044148). A UCSD grant includes funding for 18 study sites; a UTHealth grant funds eight sites. Most locations are in the United States but some are in Europe.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

• Stroke Prevention
• Diseases and Conditions
• Heart Disease

• Brain Injury
• Stroke
• Disorders and Syndromes

• Brain damage
• Clinical trial
• Multi-infarct dementia
• Hyperthermia
• Stroke
• Encephalopathy