http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/pollution/ Pollution articles. Air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution and more. Read current events articles on pollution, pollution prevention and pollution control. en-us Thu, 16 Feb 2012 03:05:02 EST Thu, 16 Feb 2012 03:05:02 EST 60 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/pollution/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120214171040.htm Short-term exposure (for up to 7 days) to all major air pollutants, with the exception of ozone, is significantly associated with an increased risk of heart attack, according to a new review article. Tue, 14 Feb 2012 17:10:10 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120214171040.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120213185121.htm A large, prospective study indicates that chronic exposure to particulate air pollution may accelerate cognitive decline in older adults. Mon, 13 Feb 2012 18:51:51 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120213185121.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120213185119.htm Air pollution, even at levels generally considered safe by federal regulations, increases the risk of stroke by 34 percent, researchers have found. Mon, 13 Feb 2012 18:51:51 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120213185119.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120208102737.htm In research to develop a novel, eco-friendly filter to remove toxic gases from the air, scientists found that a material made from used coffee grounds can sop up hydrogen sulfide gas, the chemical that makes raw sewage stinky. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 10:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120208102737.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201105126.htm Even if the current weather situation may seem to go against it, the probability of cold winters with a lot of snow in Central Europe rises when the Arctic is covered by less sea ice in summer. Wed, 01 Feb 2012 10:51:51 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201105126.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201093105.htm Coastal waters of the tropical Western Pacific produce natural halogenated organic molecules involving chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms that may damage the stratospheric ozone layer. This is the conclusion drawn from the initial findings of a field measurement campaign conducted in the South China Sea. Wed, 01 Feb 2012 09:31:31 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201093105.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120126123101.htm A chemist is making and studying materials that decrease toxins in the air by either turning the lights on or off in a room. Thu, 26 Jan 2012 12:31:31 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120126123101.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125202759.htm A team of resource economist researchers has revised the cost burden sharply upward for childhood asthma and for the first time include the number of cases attributable to air pollution, in a new study. Wed, 25 Jan 2012 20:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125202759.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120119153116.htm Using state-of-the-art chemical forensics and a bit of old-fashioned detective work, scientists confirmed that mysterious material found floating in the Gulf of Mexico came from the Deepwater Horizon rig. They further determined that tracking debris from damaged rigs can help forecast coastal impacts and guide response efforts in future spills. Thu, 19 Jan 2012 15:31:31 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120119153116.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120119133759.htm Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far: The mechanisms leading to the first ozone hole above the North Pole have now been investigated. Thu, 19 Jan 2012 13:37:37 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120119133759.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120118112003.htm In a first-of-its-kind study, scientists are reporting that the indoor air in offices is an important source of worker exposure to potentially toxic substances released by carpeting, furniture, paint and other items. Their report documents a link between levels of these so-called polyfluorinated compounds in office air and in the blood of workers. Wed, 18 Jan 2012 11:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120118112003.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120117145109.htm Nitrogen is both an essential nutrient and a pollutant, a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion and a fertilizer that feeds billions, a benefit and a hazard, depending on form, location, and quantity. Agriculture, industry and transportation have spread nitrogen liberally around the planet, say scientists with complex and interrelated consequences for human and ecological health. Tue, 17 Jan 2012 14:51:51 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120117145109.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120116095814.htm Wood-burning stoves are a popular source of heating in many countries. However in recent years there has been much debate about the potential negative health effects associated with wood smoke. A researcher has now studied the influence of combustion conditions on the emissions and their health effects. Mon, 16 Jan 2012 09:58:58 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120116095814.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120113204935.htm Implementing 14 key air pollution control measures could slow the pace of global warming, new research suggests. Fri, 13 Jan 2012 20:49:49 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120113204935.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112193442.htm Scientists have detailed 14 key air pollution control measures that, if implemented, could slow the pace of global warming, improve health and boost agricultural production. Thu, 12 Jan 2012 19:34:34 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112193442.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112142232.htm Scientists have shown that a newly discovered molecule in Earth's atmosphere has the potential to play a significant role in offsetting global warming by cooling the planet. Thu, 12 Jan 2012 14:22:22 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112142232.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112111111.htm Beginning Jan. 17, NASA will fly an airborne science laboratory, including a unique airborne radar built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., above Canadian snowstorms to tackle a difficult challenge facing the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite mission -- measuring snowfall from space. Thu, 12 Jan 2012 11:11:11 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112111111.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110140223.htm With recent advances in technology and design, treating municipal wastewater and reusing it for drinking water, irrigation, industry, and other applications could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources, particularly in coastal areas facing water shortages. Tue, 10 Jan 2012 14:02:02 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110140223.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110093601.htm A new study provides the composite picture of the environmental distribution of oil and gas from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It amasses a vast collection of available atmospheric, surface and subsurface chemical data to assemble a "mass balance" of how much oil and gas was released, where it went and the chemical makeup of the compounds that remained in the air, on the surface, and in the deep water. Tue, 10 Jan 2012 09:36:36 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110093601.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120109155712.htm By combining detailed chemical measurements in the deep ocean, in the oil slick, and in the air, NOAA scientists and academic colleagues have independently estimated how fast gases and oil were leaking during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The new chemistry-based spill rate estimate, an average of 11,130 tons of gas and oil compounds per day, is close to the official average leak rate estimate of about 11,350 tons. Mon, 09 Jan 2012 15:57:57 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120109155712.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120104115100.htm Scientists are reporting discovery of an improved way to remove carbon dioxide -- the major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming -- from smokestacks and other sources, including the atmosphere. The process achieves some of the highest carbon dioxide removal capacity ever reported for real-world conditions where the air contains moisture. Wed, 04 Jan 2012 11:51:51 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120104115100.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120104115057.htm Researchers have developed a new technology that can reduce air pollutant emissions from some chicken and swine barns, and also reduce their energy use by recovering and possibly generating heat. Wed, 04 Jan 2012 11:50:50 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120104115057.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111228111727.htm New research suggests that China's impressive feat of cutting Beijing's pollution up to 50 percent for the 2008 Summer Olympics had some help from Mother Nature. Rain just at the beginning and wind during the Olympics likely contributed about half of the effort needed to clean up the skies, scientists found. The results also suggest emission controls need to be more widely implemented than in 2008 if pollution levels are to be reduced permanently. Wed, 28 Dec 2011 11:17:17 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111228111727.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111227093057.htm The 2007 Cosco Busan disaster, which spilled 54,000 gallons of oil into the San Francisco Bay, had an unexpectedly lethal impact on embryonic fish, devastating a commercially and ecologically important species for nearly two years, reports a new study. Tue, 27 Dec 2011 09:30:30 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111227093057.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111221140623.htm Scientists have written an expanded review of six new air quality regulations by the EPA. These include the first national standards in the U.S. for reducing dangerous emissions of mercury and other toxic pollutants from power plants. Though the cost of implementing is about $195 billion over the next two decades, the economic, environmental and health benefits amount to well over $1 trillion, considerably outweighing the control costs. Wed, 21 Dec 2011 14:06:06 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111221140623.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111219102056.htm New research has looked at nitrate transport from agricultural land to water in the Thames basin in the UK. Mon, 19 Dec 2011 10:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111219102056.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111218150303.htm New research shows that the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere work to transform elemental mercury into oxidized mercury, which can easily be deposited into aquatic ecosystems and ultimately enter the food chain. Sun, 18 Dec 2011 15:03:03 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111218150303.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111216112510.htm Nitrogen from human activity has been polluting lakes in the northern hemisphere since the late 19th century. The clear signs of industrialization can be found even in very remote lakes, thousands of kilometers from the nearest city. Fri, 16 Dec 2011 11:25:25 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111216112510.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111215141607.htm Nitrogen derived from human activities has polluted lakes throughout the Northern Hemisphere for more than a century and the fingerprint of these changes is evident even in remote lakes located thousands of miles from the nearest city, industrial area or farm. The findings are based on historical changes in the chemical composition of bottom deposits in lakes using an approach similar to aquatic archeology. Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:16:16 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111215141607.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111214144753.htm A study determined the properties of an aggregate produced from ground waste glass and compared the component with perlite and parboiled rice hulls. Experiments determined how Growstones affected root substrate properties and evaluated plant growth in different substrates. Results showed that Growstones had an air-filled pore space higher than that of both peat and perlite, and that Growstones added to peat at a concentration of at least 15 percent increased AFP of the peat-based substrate. Wed, 14 Dec 2011 14:47:47 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111214144753.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208173716.htm Shifting a fraction of truck-borne freight onto trains would have an outsized impact on air quality in the Midwest, according to researchers. Thu, 08 Dec 2011 17:37:37 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208173716.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111207105431.htm Researchers spent 75 days on the job carrying out some very important homework -- measurements in a 'typical dwelling' of the release, distribution and fate of nanoscale particles emitted by gas and electric stoves, hair dryers, power tools and candles. Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:54:54 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111207105431.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111206131402.htm Europe's streams will in future be more heavily polluted with insecticides than before. The risks for streams caused by the use of insecticides in agriculture will increase significantly in many regions of Europe, and particularly in Scandinavia, the Baltic countries and in Central Europe, according to scientists. Tue, 06 Dec 2011 13:14:14 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111206131402.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111205170053.htm A new study reveals that dust storms have an adverse effect on emergency hospital admission for chronic lung disease, often known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111205170053.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111201221131.htm NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center recently completed NASA's latest quiet sonic boom research study at Edwards Air Force Base. The Waveforms and Sonic boom Perception and Response, or WSPR, project gathered data from a select group of more than 100 volunteer Edwards Air Force Base residents on their individual attitudes toward sonic booms produced by aircraft in supersonic flight over Edwards. Thu, 01 Dec 2011 22:11:11 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111201221131.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111201163608.htm A team of scientists have used the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's Aura satellite to confirm major reductions in the levels of a key air pollutant generated by coal power plants in the eastern United States. The pollutant, sulfur dioxide, contributes to the formation of acid rain and can cause serious health problems. Thu, 01 Dec 2011 16:36:36 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111201163608.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111201112651.htm Clean energy can help meet growing electricity demand and minimize pollution in the Southern United States, but progress to adopt renewable energy strategies has been hindered by a number of myths, according to a new study. Thu, 01 Dec 2011 11:26:26 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111201112651.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111129162858.htm Engineers have collected soils in the residential areas of downtown Cedar Rapids and analyzed them for industrial pollutants known as PCBs and chlordanes. Measured values for both chemical groups were found to be similar to other urban/industrial sites around the world. Also, measured values were found to be of the same order of magnitude as the provisional threshold recommended by the US EPA to perform soil remediation. Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:28:28 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111129162858.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122162828.htm Having survived long centuries, political upheaval and even bombings during World War II, Leonardo da Vinci's "Last Supper" masterpiece now faces the risk of damage from air pollution due to its location in one of Western Europe's most polluted cities. Scientists have used monitors to ensure that indoor pollution has been drastically reduced at the church, though visitors enjoying the painting remain a potential source of soiling. Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:28:28 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122162828.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122112028.htm The results of a recent study on Kentish Plover eggs has shown that there was a unexpected increase in hydrocarbon levels along the coast of Galicia five years after the Prestige oil spill. Worsened in previous years by works to remove the wreck, pollution levels began to rise again in the summer of 2006 along with numerous forest fires. Tue, 22 Nov 2011 11:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122112028.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122112023.htm Researchers have discovered that traces of caffeine are a useful indicator of the contamination of our water by sewers. Tue, 22 Nov 2011 11:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122112023.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111121142453.htm New research has led to discovery of a genetic method that can increase biomass in algae by 50 to 80 percent. The breakthrough comes from turning on certain genes in algae that increase the amount of photosynthesis in the plant, which leads to more biomass. Mon, 21 Nov 2011 14:24:24 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111121142453.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111120134823.htm A new study reveals how the effect of climate change can further impact the economic viability of current fisheries practices. Sun, 20 Nov 2011 13:48:48 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111120134823.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111119153540.htm Tornadoes are expected to accompany severe storms in the springtime in the US, but this time of year they also usually happen. When a line of severe thunderstorms associated with a cold front swept through the US southeast on Nov. 16, TRMM collected rainfall data on the dangerous storms from space. Sat, 19 Nov 2011 15:35:35 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111119153540.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111117154635.htm New research suggests that ozone gas emitted from fracturing rocks could serve as an indicator of impending earthquakes. Thu, 17 Nov 2011 15:46:46 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111117154635.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111116174740.htm Researchers have released a preliminary report on the effects of the Fukushima nuclear disaster on the surrounding areas, following radiation levels for approximately three months following the event and surveying more than 5,000 people in the region. Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:47:47 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111116174740.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111116162244.htm Emissions regulations do have an environmental impact, according to a long-term study of acidic rainfall. A report detailing trends in acidic rainfall frequency and concentration over 25 years found that as sulfur and nitrogen emissions have dropped in response to the Clean Air Act, acid ions in rainwater have dropped by similar magnitudes. Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:22:22 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111116162244.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111115132855.htm Combustible gases generated by organic matter in landfill sites or from biomass are commonly burned to generate electricity. However, Finnish researchers suggest that such biogas might be more usefully used as an alternative feedstock for the chemical industry. They explain that using biogas in this way would reduce our dependency on oil and gas-derived products and is commercially and technically viable. Tue, 15 Nov 2011 13:28:28 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111115132855.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114133742.htm Increases in air pollution and other particulate matter in the atmosphere can strongly affect cloud development in ways that reduce precipitation in dry regions or seasons. This while increasing rain, snowfall and the intensity of severe storms in wet regions or seasons, according to results of a new study. Mon, 14 Nov 2011 13:37:37 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114133742.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111113142747.htm Policies to protect the global climate and limit global temperature rise offer the most effective entry point for achieving energy sustainability, reducing air pollution, and improving energy security, according to a new article. By adopting an integrated perspective on energy and climate policy, one that simultaneously addresses three of the key objectives for energy sustainability, major synergies and cost co-benefits can be realized. Sun, 13 Nov 2011 14:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111113142747.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111113141304.htm Increases in air pollution and other particulate matter in the atmosphere can strongly affect cloud development in ways that reduce precipitation in dry regions or seasons, while increasing rain, snowfall and the intensity of severe storms in wet regions or seasons, says a new study. The research provides the first clear evidence of how aerosols can affect weather and climate, with important economic and water resource implications. Sun, 13 Nov 2011 14:13:13 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111113141304.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110191948.htm Researchers have found a dramatic one-third reduction in severe pneumonia diagnoses among children in homes with smoke-reducing chimneys on their cookstoves. Reducing wood smoke could have a major impact on the burden of pneumonia, the leading cause of child mortality in the world, the researchers said. A separate pilot study also found a link between prenatal maternal exposure to woodsmoke and poorer performance in markers for IQ at ages six and seven. Thu, 10 Nov 2011 19:19:19 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110191948.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110142356.htm The magnitude and depth of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill will require an unprecedented effort to determine the extent and severity of ecological damage and to develop restoration plans for affected areas in the Gulf of Mexico, says a new report. A broad approach that focuses on repairing ecosystem processes -- such as fisheries production -- in addition to replacing natural resources damaged by the spill could offer more options for restoring the Gulf region, says the congressionally mandated report. Thu, 10 Nov 2011 14:23:23 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110142356.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111108115947.htm Carbon monoxide (CO) -- a tasteless, colorless and odorless gas -- is not only a danger to the environment but also highly toxic to human beings. Found in the exhaust of vehicles and generators, CO has been dubbed the "silent killer" because excessive inhalation is lethal, poisoning the nervous system and heart. Now, in a surprising twist, a researcher says that low levels of the poisonous gas carbon monoxide actually have a narcotic effect that helps city-dwellers cope with environmental stress in an urban setting. Tue, 08 Nov 2011 11:59:59 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111108115947.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103190353.htm Efforts to reduce the flow of fertilizers, animal waste and other pollutants into the Chesapeake Bay appear to be giving a boost to the bay's health. Thu, 03 Nov 2011 19:03:03 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103190353.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103143243.htm Scientists braved ticks and a tiger to discover how human activities have perturbed the nitrogen cycle in tropical forests. Studies at two remote Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory sites in Panama and Thailand show the first evidence of long-term effects of nitrogen pollution in tropical trees. Thu, 03 Nov 2011 14:32:32 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103143243.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111102161147.htm Pollution is making Arabian Sea cyclones more intense, according to a new study. Traditionally, prevailing wind shear patterns prohibit cyclones in the Arabian Sea from becoming major storms. The paper suggests that weakening winds have enabled the formation of stronger cyclones in recent years -- including storms in 2007 and 2010 that were the first recorded storms to enter the Gulf of Oman. Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:11:11 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111102161147.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111102161145.htm A recent increase in the intensity of tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea may be a side effect of increasing air pollution over the Indian sub-continent, a new multi-institutional study has found. Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:11:11 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111102161145.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111102125640.htm A researcher has developed a special camera that can detect more than 1,000 colors -- and can diagnose contaminants and other environmental hazards in real time. Wed, 02 Nov 2011 12:56:56 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111102125640.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111101125810.htm A new minute freshwater snail species belonging to the genus Daphniola was found in a spring on Mt. Parnassos, central Greece. The new species has a transparent conical-flat coiled shell, gray-black pigmented soft body and a black penis with a small colorless outgrowth on the left side near its base. Tue, 01 Nov 2011 12:58:58 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111101125810.htm