http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/snow_and_avalanches/ Learn about snowfall and avalanches. Read research on snow and ice composition and more. en-us Wed, 15 Feb 2012 18:05:02 EST Wed, 15 Feb 2012 18:05:02 EST 60 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/snow_and_avalanches/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120213133056.htm Arctic sea ice is rapidly retreating. Within a few decades the North Pole could be completely ice-free in summer. How will that affect our weather? In the research project "Seasonal Predictability over the Arctic Region" (SPAR), scientists in Norway have made some discoveries that may lead to more reliable seasonal forecasts. Mon, 13 Feb 2012 13:30:30 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120213133056.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201181457.htm NASA's GCPEx science team is collecting as much data as they can to improve understanding of snow dynamics inside clouds, because they relate to how snow moves through Earth's water and climate cycles. Wed, 01 Feb 2012 18:14:14 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201181457.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201181218.htm Yellow-cedar, a culturally and economically valuable tree in southeastern Alaska and adjacent parts of British Columbia, has been dying off across large expanses of these areas for the past 100 years. But no one could say why -- until now. Wed, 01 Feb 2012 18:12:12 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201181218.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201105126.htm Even if the current weather situation may seem to go against it, the probability of cold winters with a lot of snow in Central Europe rises when the Arctic is covered by less sea ice in summer. Wed, 01 Feb 2012 10:51:51 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201105126.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112193430.htm Scientists have offered up a convincing explanation for the harsh winters recently experienced in the Northern hemisphere: increasing temperatures and melting ice in the Arctic regions creating more snowfall in the autumn months at lower latitudes. Thu, 12 Jan 2012 19:34:34 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112193430.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112111111.htm Beginning Jan. 17, NASA will fly an airborne science laboratory, including a unique airborne radar built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., above Canadian snowstorms to tackle a difficult challenge facing the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite mission -- measuring snowfall from space. Thu, 12 Jan 2012 11:11:11 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112111111.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110140235.htm Climate change in the form of reduced snowfall in mountains is causing powerful and cascading shifts in mountainous plant and bird communities through the increased ability of elk to stay at high elevations over winter and consume plants, according to a groundbreaking study. Tue, 10 Jan 2012 14:02:02 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110140235.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111204144656.htm Findings from the most comprehensive assessment to date on climate change, snow and glacier melt in Asia's mountainous Hindu Kush-Himalayan region -- site of Mount Everest and many of the world's tallest peaks -- highlight the region's extreme vulnerability to climate change, as rising temperatures disturb the balance of snow, ice and water, threatening millions of mountain people and 1.3 billion people living downstream in Asia's major river basins. Sun, 04 Dec 2011 14:46:46 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111204144656.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111128120534.htm The elusive snow leopard lives high in the mountains across Central Asia. Despite potentially living across 12 countries the actual numbers of this beautiful large cat are largely unknown. New research has used genetic analysis to show that the numbers of snow leopards in the central Himalayas is actually much lower than suggested. Mon, 28 Nov 2011 12:05:05 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111128120534.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111124150827.htm The rate of global warming from doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide may be less than the most dire estimates of some previous studies -- and, in fact, may be less severe than projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report in 2007. Researchers say that global warming is real and that increases in atmospheric CO₂ will have multiple serious impacts. However, the most Draconian projections of temperature increases from the doubling of CO₂ are unlikely, according to new research. Thu, 24 Nov 2011 15:08:08 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111124150827.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110094846.htm A truck-mounted radar dish often used to chase Midwest tornadoes is getting a workout in Utah this month as meteorologists use it to get an unprecedented look inside snow and rain storms over the Salt Lake Valley and the surrounding Wasatch and Oquirrh mountains. Thu, 10 Nov 2011 09:48:48 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110094846.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111025163128.htm The Greenland ice sheet can experience extreme melting even when temperatures don't hit record highs, according to a new analysis by Dr. Marco Tedesco, assistant professor in the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the City College of New York. His findings suggest that glaciers could undergo a self-amplifying cycle of melting and warming that would be difficult to halt. Tue, 25 Oct 2011 16:31:31 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111025163128.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110726144324.htm Decisions by farmers to plant on productive land with little snow enhances the potential for reforestation to counteract global warming, concludes new research. Previous research has led scientists and politicians to believe that regrowing forests on Northern lands that were cleared in order to grow crops would not decrease global warming. But these studies did not consider the importance of the choices made by farmers in the historical past. Tue, 26 Jul 2011 14:43:43 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110726144324.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110725123547.htm Researchers have combined data from multiple sources to provide the clearest account yet of how much glacial ice surges into the sea following the collapse of Antarctic ice shelves. Mon, 25 Jul 2011 12:35:35 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110725123547.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110713121430.htm Biologists have discovered a surprisingly healthy population of rare snow leopards living in the mountainous reaches of northeastern Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor, according to a new study. Wed, 13 Jul 2011 12:14:14 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110713121430.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110705091624.htm Rising air temperatures in the Arctic region have led to an increase in rainfall and a decrease in snowfall, making the sea ice more susceptible to melting, a new study has revealed. Tue, 05 Jul 2011 09:16:16 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110705091624.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110701121623.htm Under certain conditions, private and commercial propeller planes and jet aircraft may induce odd-shaped holes or canals into clouds as they fly through them. These holes and canals have long fascinated the public and now new research shows they may affect precipitation in and around airports with frequent cloud cover in the wintertime. Fri, 01 Jul 2011 12:16:16 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110701121623.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110626145308.htm Stronger ocean currents beneath West Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf are eroding the ice from below, speeding the melting of the glacier as a whole, according to a new study. Sun, 26 Jun 2011 14:53:53 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110626145308.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110624162250.htm Every winter, weather forecasters talk about the snow cover in the northern US and into Canada as a factor in how deep the deep-freeze will be in the states. A new study indicates they may be looking, at least partially, in the wrong place. Fri, 24 Jun 2011 16:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110624162250.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110621101313.htm The causes of melting of tropical glaciers over the past 10,000 years have at last been revealed. Researchers have shown that the retreat of the Telata glacier in Bolivia over that period is mainly linked to a 3°C rise in air temperature and to the warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Tue, 21 Jun 2011 10:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110621101313.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110619133515.htm Heavy and prolonged snowfall can bring about unexpected conditions that encourage fungal growth, leading to the death of plants in the Arctic, according to experts. A new international study confirms that while snow has an insulating effect which helps plants to grow bigger, heavy and prolonged snow can, in certain circumstances, also encourage the rapid and extensive growth of killer fungal strains. Sun, 19 Jun 2011 13:35:35 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110619133515.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110617081555.htm During the winter of 2009-2010 the average temperature for the UK was 1.6 degrees centigrade, making it the coldest recorded winter in the last 30 years. Using winter data from 2005 to 2010, new research demonstrates an inverse relationship between temperature and the number of falls on snow and ice, which result in emergency admission to hospital, and looks at the cost of these falls. Fri, 17 Jun 2011 08:15:15 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110617081555.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110608131334.htm Infestation of trees by mountain pine beetles in the high country across the West could potentially trigger earlier snowmelt and increase water yields from snowpack that accumulates beneath affected trees, a new article suggests. Wed, 08 Jun 2011 13:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110608131334.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110526064627.htm Researchers have discovered that the ultraviolet (UV) light that causes the temporary but painful condition of snow blindness in humans is life-saving for reindeer in the Arctic. Thu, 26 May 2011 06:46:46 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110526064627.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110524111345.htm Researchers have discovered a high concentration of bacteria in the center of hailstones, suggesting that airborne microorganisms may be responsible for that and other weather events. Tue, 24 May 2011 11:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110524111345.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110524104701.htm A new study aimed at refining the way scientists measure ice loss in Greenland is providing a "high-definition picture" of climate-caused changes on the island. And the picture isn't pretty. In the last decade, two of the largest three glaciers draining that frozen landscape have lost enough ice that, if melted, could have filled Lake Erie. Tue, 24 May 2011 10:47:47 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110524104701.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110506093116.htm A panel of some of the world's leading climate and glacier scientists has issued a report commissioned by the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Sciences citing the moral imperative before society to properly address climate change. Fri, 06 May 2011 09:31:31 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110506093116.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110504084032.htm A much reduced covering of snow, shorter winter season and thawing tundra: The effects of climate change in the Arctic are already here. And the changes are taking place significantly faster than previously thought, according to a new research report on the Arctic. Wed, 04 May 2011 08:40:40 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110504084032.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110328162031.htm With birds chirping and temperatures warming, spring is finally in the air. But for environmental chemist Torsten Meyer, springtime has a dark side. Mon, 28 Mar 2011 16:20:20 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110328162031.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110324104143.htm The 2011 Arctic sea ice extent maximum that marks the beginning of the melt season appears to be tied for the lowest ever measured by satellites, say scientists. Thu, 24 Mar 2011 10:41:41 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110324104143.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110321134451.htm Avalanche victims buried in Canada die significantly quicker than those buried in Switzerland, according to new research. Mon, 21 Mar 2011 13:44:44 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110321134451.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110303163320.htm New research shows that soot from industrial and agricultural pollution is landing on the Tibetan Plateau is causing snow to melt earlier on the plateau. As a result, India and China are experiencing wetter winters, drier summers and stronger monsoons. Thu, 03 Mar 2011 16:33:33 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110303163320.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110203132308.htm Wolverine habitat in the northwestern United States is likely to warm dramatically if society continues to emit large amounts of greenhouse gases, according to new computer model simulations. The study found that climate change is likely to imperil the wolverine in two ways: reducing or eliminating the springtime snow cover that wolverines rely on to protect and shelter newborn kits, and increasing August temperatures well beyond what the species may be able to tolerate. Thu, 03 Feb 2011 13:23:23 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110203132308.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110202114955.htm On Friday, Jan. 28 in Antarctica, a research team investigating the last 100,000 years of Earth's climate history reached an important milestone completing the main ice core to a depth of 3,331 meters (10,928 feet) at West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide. The project will be completed over the next two years with some additional coring and borehole logging to obtain additional information and samples of the ice for the study of the climate record contained in the core. Wed, 02 Feb 2011 11:49:49 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110202114955.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110201154620.htm One of the largest winter storms since the 1950s is affecting 30 U.S. states with snow, sleet, freezing rain and rain. NASA satellites have gathering data on the storm that stretches from Texas and the Rockies to the New England states. Tue, 01 Feb 2011 15:46:46 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110201154620.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110124162708.htm A new scientific study shows that debris coverage -- pebbles, rocks and debris from surrounding mountains -- may be a missing link in the understanding of the decline of glaciers. Debris is distinct from soot and dust, according to the scientists. Mon, 24 Jan 2011 16:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110124162708.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110121144011.htm New research shows that 2010 set new records for the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, expected to be a major contributor to projected sea level rises in coming decades. Fri, 21 Jan 2011 14:40:40 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110121144011.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118123519.htm A new analysis of the Northern Hemisphere's "albedo feedback" over a 30-year period concludes that the region's loss of reflectivity due to snow and sea ice decline is more than double what state-of-the-art climate models estimate. Tue, 18 Jan 2011 12:35:35 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118123519.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118101356.htm Known by many as one of the least favorite wintertime chores, shoveling snow can also be hazardous and is associated with many serious, even fatal events among both adults and children. A recent study found that an average of 11,500 snow shoveling-related injuries and medical emergencies were treated in US emergency departments each year from 1990 to 2006. Tue, 18 Jan 2011 10:13:13 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118101356.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110111141349.htm In this winter of heavy snows -- with more on the way this week -- nature's bull's-eye might be Oswego, N.Y., and the nearby Tug Hill Plateau. There the proximity of the Great Lakes whips wind and snow into high gear. Old Man Winter then blows across New York state, burying cities and towns in snowdrifts several feet high. This season, however, something is standing in his way. Tue, 11 Jan 2011 14:13:13 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110111141349.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101214122847.htm A novel project using cameras mounted on unmanned aircraft flying over the Arctic is serving double duty by assessing the characteristics of declining sea ice and using the same aerial photos to pinpoint seals that have hauled up on ice floes. Tue, 14 Dec 2010 12:28:28 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101214122847.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101209121427.htm A preliminary look at an ice field atop the highest mountain in the eastern European Alps suggests that the glacier may hold records of ancient climate extending back as much as a thousand years. Researchers warn, however, that the record may soon be lost as global warming takes its toll on these high-altitude sites. Thu, 09 Dec 2010 12:14:14 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101209121427.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101208172318.htm Sudden changes in the volume of meltwater contribute more to the acceleration -- and eventual loss -- of the Greenland ice sheet than the gradual increase of temperature, according to a new study. Wed, 08 Dec 2010 17:23:23 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101208172318.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101203123517.htm Observation scientists have released stunning satellite images of the UK’s winter landscape. Fri, 03 Dec 2010 12:35:35 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101203123517.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101116072751.htm The landform known as a drumlin, created when the ice advanced during the Ice Age, can also be produced by today's glaciers, researchers in Sweden have discovered. Tue, 16 Nov 2010 07:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101116072751.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101112141122.htm The European Space Agency's GlobSnow project, led by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, uses satellites to produce up-to-date information on global snow cover. The new database gives fresh information on the snow situation right after a snowfall. Gathering this kind of information was not previously possible when only land-based observations were available. Fri, 12 Nov 2010 14:11:11 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101112141122.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101104154340.htm A new model shows that, even when polar bears come ashore earlier than in the past and have access to a new bounty in goose eggs, they cannot consume enough eggs to cause extinction in the birds because of trophic mismatch. Thu, 04 Nov 2010 15:43:43 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101104154340.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101022072152.htm The Pacific Northwest should brace for a colder and wetter than average winter, while most of the South and Southeast will be warmer and drier than average through February 2011, according to the annual Winter Outlook released by NOAA's Climate Prediction Center. A moderate to strong La Niña will be the dominant climate factor influencing weather across most of the U.S. this winter. Fri, 22 Oct 2010 07:21:21 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101022072152.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101022071814.htm The Arctic region, also called the "planet's refrigerator," continues to heat up, affecting local populations and ecosystems as well as weather patterns in the most populated parts of the Northern Hemisphere, according to a team of 69 international scientists. The findings were released in the Arctic Report Card, a yearly assessment of Arctic conditions. Fri, 22 Oct 2010 07:18:18 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101022071814.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100920172746.htm When the winds are right and the desert is dry, dust blows eastward from the semi-arid regions of the US Southwest. In a dust-up, Western style, small dark particles of the dust fall on the mountains' white snowfields, ultimately affecting the entire Colorado River watershed. Mon, 20 Sep 2010 17:27:27 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100920172746.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100914124416.htm The Arctic Ocean is covered by a dynamic layer of sea ice that grows each winter and shrinks each summer, reaching its yearly minimum size each fall. While the 2010 minimum remains to be seen, NASA's Aqua satellite captured a snapshot on Sept. 3. Tue, 14 Sep 2010 12:44:44 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100914124416.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100907092346.htm Researchers have returned to Collier Glacier for the first time in almost 20 years and found that the glacier has decreased more than 20 percent from its size in the late 1980s. The findings are consistent with glacial retreat all over the world and provide some of the critical data needed to help quantify the effects of global change on glacier retreat and associated sea level rise. Tue, 07 Sep 2010 09:23:23 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100907092346.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100816154958.htm While Arctic sea ice has been diminishing in recent decades, the Antarctic sea ice extent has been increasing slightly. Researchers provide an explanation for the seeming paradox of increasing Antarctic sea ice in a warming climate. Mon, 16 Aug 2010 15:49:49 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100816154958.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100806125556.htm Two UK scientists are traveling to one of the coldest places on Earth to help them understand how life could exist on other planets in our Solar System. During their trip to Ny-Ålesund on the island of Svalbard, they will investigate how the snow and ice there was first colonized by extremophiles – organisms that thrive in harsh conditions. Fri, 06 Aug 2010 12:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100806125556.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100726124408.htm The memory of last winter's blizzards may be fading in this summer's searing heat, but scientists studying them have detected a perfect storm of converging weather patterns that had little relation to climate change. The extraordinarily cold, snowy weather that hit parts of the US East Coast and Europe was the result of a collision of two periodic weather patterns in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, a new study finds. Mon, 26 Jul 2010 12:44:44 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100726124408.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100629131322.htm A researcher has discovered a 10,000-year-old atlatl dart that had melted out of an ice patch in the Rocky Mountains. Climate change has increased global temperatures and accelerated melting of permanent ice fields, exposing organic materials that have long been entombed in the ice. Tue, 29 Jun 2010 13:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100629131322.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100616134641.htm The combined global land and ocean surface temperature was the warmest on record for May, March-May (Northern Hemisphere spring-Southern Hemisphere autumn), and the period January-May, 2010, according to NOAA. Worldwide average land surface temperature for May and March-May was the warmest on record while the global ocean surface temperatures for both May and March-May were second warmest on record, behind 1998. Wed, 16 Jun 2010 13:46:46 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100616134641.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100616090225.htm Climate change will drastically reduce the discharge of snow and ice meltwater in a region of the Himalayas, threatening the food security of more than 60 million people in Asia in the coming decades, according to new research in Science. The Indus and Brahmaputra basins are expected to be the most adversely affected, while in the Yellow River basin the availability of irrigation water will actually increase. Wed, 16 Jun 2010 09:02:02 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100616090225.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100615105241.htm Climate change could cause increasing and unpredictable hazard risks in mountainous regions, according to a new study. The study analyzes the effects of two extreme weather events -- the 2003 heatwave and the 2005 flood -- on the Eastern European Alps. Tue, 15 Jun 2010 10:52:52 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100615105241.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100614141344.htm As turboprop and jet aircraft climb or descend under certain atmospheric conditions, they can inadvertently seed mid-level clouds and cause narrow bands of snow or rain to develop and fall to the ground, new research finds. Through this seeding process, they leave behind unusual "hole-punch clouds." Mon, 14 Jun 2010 14:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100614141344.htm