http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/crohn's_disease/ Crohn's disease. Read the latest research on Crohn's disease: risk factors, reducing flare ups, and new treatment options. en-us Wed, 22 May 2013 01:32:18 EDT Wed, 22 May 2013 01:32:18 EDT 60 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/crohn's_disease/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130521194227.htm Researchers have identified a number of biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease, which could help with earlier diagnosis and intervention in those who have not yet shown symptoms. Tue, 21 May 2013 19:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130521194227.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130429164926.htm A commonly used class of biologic response modifying drugs can cause acute liver injury with elevated liver enzymes, according to a new study. Mon, 29 Apr 2013 16:49:49 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130429164926.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403104216.htm The same factor in our immune system that is instrumental in enabling us to fight off severe and dangerous inflammatory ailments is also a player in doing the opposite at a later stage, causing the suppression of our immune response. Why and how this happens and what can be done to mediate this process for the benefit of humankind is the subject of a new article. Wed, 03 Apr 2013 10:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403104216.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403072003.htm The same factor in our immune system that is instrumental in enabling us to fight off severe and dangerous inflammatory ailments is also a player in doing the opposite at a later stage, causing the suppression of our immune response. Wed, 03 Apr 2013 07:20:20 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403072003.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130322104255.htm Researchers demonstrate that some variants in our genes which could put a person at risk for inflammatory diseases -- such as multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis -- have been the target of natural selection over the course of human history. Fri, 22 Mar 2013 10:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130322104255.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130305174046.htm Although patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a disproportionately higher incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), an analysis that included nearly 60,000 patients with RA and other inflammatory diseases found that those who initiated anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies were not at higher risk of herpes zoster compared with patients who initiated nonbiologic treatment regimens, according to a new study. Tue, 05 Mar 2013 17:40:40 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130305174046.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130214075445.htm Scientists have presented a new therapy approach for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic form of joint inflammation. The new therapy study was especially directed at patients who showed no adequate response to conventional treatment with tumor-necrosis-factor directed reagents (anti TNF). The new approach represents a combined form of treatment with the medication Methotrexat and Tofacitinib. Thu, 14 Feb 2013 07:54:54 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130214075445.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130207172102.htm Scientists have long puzzled over why "bad" bacteria such as E. coli can thrive in the guts of those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), causing serious diarrhea. Now researchers have discovered the answer -- one that may be the first step toward finding new and better treatments for IBD. Thu, 07 Feb 2013 17:21:21 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130207172102.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130205102116.htm Here's another reason why you should include olive oil in your diet: A new research report suggests that at least one compound in olive oil significantly reduces intestinal ischemia (restricted blood supply) and the resulting reperfusion injury (tissue damage caused when blood supply returns). Tue, 05 Feb 2013 10:21:21 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130205102116.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130130121639.htm New research has shown that a protein, known as IL-13, could be the key to the development of fibrosis in Crohn's disease. Wed, 30 Jan 2013 12:16:16 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130130121639.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130125142044.htm Researchers have identified a potential new target for drugs to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Efforts to develop drugs that hone in on this new target are underway. Fri, 25 Jan 2013 14:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130125142044.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130123195104.htm With a desire to inhibit metastasis, biomedical engineers have found the natural switch between the body’s inflammatory response and how malignant breast cancer cells use the bloodstream to spread. Wed, 23 Jan 2013 19:51:51 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130123195104.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130121122930.htm Investigators have observed and evaluated critically ill children with influenza to evaluate the relationships between levels of systemic inflammation, immune function and likelihood to die from the illness. Mon, 21 Jan 2013 12:29:29 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130121122930.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130109105925.htm After uncovering a mechanism that promotes chronic intestinal inflammation and the development of colorectal cancer, scientists have found that fingolimod, a drug currently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, could potentially eliminate or reduce the progression of colitis-associated cancer. Wed, 09 Jan 2013 10:59:59 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130109105925.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121213121805.htm More than two hundred gene locations have now been identified for the chronic bowel condition Crohn's Disease, in a study that analysed the entire human genome. Thu, 13 Dec 2012 12:18:18 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121213121805.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121213121755.htm Researchers have found that dendritic cells in the intestinal lining collect antigens from both intestinal contents and the circulation, leading to the generation of T cells that suppress inflammation. Disruption of that regulatory system may lead to the development of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory bowel disease or food allergies. Thu, 13 Dec 2012 12:17:17 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121213121755.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121115172030.htm A new study on monkeys with chronic diarrhea that were treated by microscopic parasite worm (helminth) eggs has provided insights on how this form of therapy may heal the intestine. This condition in monkeys is similar to the inflammatory bowel diseases that affects up to 1.4 million Americans. Thu, 15 Nov 2012 17:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121115172030.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121106125600.htm Medical researchers have produced "beneficial bacteria" capable of protecting the body against intestinal inflammation. Tue, 06 Nov 2012 12:56:56 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121106125600.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121101153601.htm In one of the largest studies of its kind ever conducted, an international team of scientists has thrown new light on the genetic basis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two most common forms of IBD, are chronic inflammatory digestive disorders. Thu, 01 Nov 2012 15:36:36 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121101153601.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121022194230.htm Patients newly diagnosed with pediatric Crohn's disease had significantly different levels of certain types of bacteria in their intestinal tracts than age-matched controls, according to new research. The work may ultimately lead to treatment involving manipulation of the intestinal bacteria. Mon, 22 Oct 2012 19:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121022194230.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121022081357.htm Three separate studies help to advance understanding of the differences between African American and Caucasian patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and provide clinicians with new insight on how racial disparities involving disease characteristics, infliximab use, and fistulizing Crohn’s disease may impact their patients—and their decisions on how best to manage the disease. Mon, 22 Oct 2012 08:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121022081357.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121022081236.htm New research suggests a possible overlap of symptoms of two prevalent GI disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and further suggests a possible link between subtle GI tract inflammation and IBS symptoms. Mon, 22 Oct 2012 08:12:12 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121022081236.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121017180202.htm Ustekinumab, an antibody proven to treat the skin condition psoriasis, has now shown positive results in decreasing the debilitating effects of Crohn’s Disease, according to new research. Wed, 17 Oct 2012 18:02:02 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121017180202.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121003131959.htm Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine report the discovery of microbial–dependent mechanisms through which some cancers mount an inflammatory response that fuels their development and growth. Wed, 03 Oct 2012 13:19:19 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121003131959.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120924152547.htm Researchers have unlocked secrets in bone marrow that could lead to improved treatments for colitis and Crohn's disease. The results show that the havoc inflammatory bowel diseases wreaks on the digestive tract is mirrored in bone marrow. Early indications also show that the disorders of the gut could potentially be treated through the bone marrow. Mon, 24 Sep 2012 15:25:25 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120924152547.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120913123512.htm New research could clarify how inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), conditions that include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are triggered and develop. Scientists have shown how the immune system can compensate for a 'leaky gut' and prevent disease in mice that are susceptible to intestinal inflammation. These findings could explain why some individuals who are susceptible to developing IBD do or do not get the disease. Thu, 13 Sep 2012 12:35:35 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120913123512.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120906111906.htm The naturally occurring cytokine interleukin-18, or IL-18, plays a key role in inflammation and has been implicated in serious inflammatory diseases for which the prognosis is poor and there are currently limited treatment options. Therapies targeting IL-18 could prove effective against inflammatory diseases of the lung including bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as described in a review article. Thu, 06 Sep 2012 11:19:19 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120906111906.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120906074033.htm A synthetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic family of drugs to combat a variety of illnesses while avoiding detrimental side effects has been developed by a researcher in Israel. Thu, 06 Sep 2012 07:40:40 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120906074033.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120903221132.htm Researchers have found that a biologic drug that inhibits inflammation may offer new hope for people with difficult-to-treat depression. Mon, 03 Sep 2012 22:11:11 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120903221132.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120816141531.htm Scientists have identified a type of E. coli bacteria that may encourage the development of colon cancer. Thu, 16 Aug 2012 14:15:15 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120816141531.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120808081338.htm New research confirms no significant difference in the rates of death among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were exposed to one of several TNF inhibitors used to treat RA, adalimumab (Humira), etanercept (Enbrel), and infliximab (Remicade). Wed, 08 Aug 2012 08:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120808081338.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120802141529.htm A "fight" between bacteria normally living in the intestines and the immune system, kicked off by another type of bacteria, may be linked to two types of chronic disease. Thu, 02 Aug 2012 14:15:15 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120802141529.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120719103244.htm Short-term infection with intestinal worms may provide long-term protection against type I diabetes (TID), suggests a new study. The incidence of TID is relatively low in developing countries. One explanation for this phenomenon is the prevalence of chronic intestinal worm infections, which dampen the self-aggressive T cells that cause diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. Thu, 19 Jul 2012 10:32:32 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120719103244.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120618153431.htm The bacteria that cause urinary tract infections may take advantage of a cellular waste disposal system that normally helps fight invaders, according to researchers. Mon, 18 Jun 2012 15:34:34 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120618153431.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120617142536.htm Researchers have identified commensal bacteria in the human intestine that produce a neurotransmitter that may play a role in preventing or treating inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease. Sun, 17 Jun 2012 14:25:25 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120617142536.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120606142701.htm Researchers say their examination of the fungi in the intestines suggests an important link between these microbes and inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis. In the new study researchers identified and characterized the large community of fungi inhabiting the large intestine in a model of the disease. Wed, 06 Jun 2012 14:27:27 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120606142701.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507141148.htm Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is hard to diagnose as well as treat, but researchers have now discovered a way of confirming the disorder using stool samples. Mon, 07 May 2012 14:11:11 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507141148.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501085558.htm Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have higher rates of hospitalized bacterial infection than children without JIA according to an observational study. Tue, 01 May 2012 08:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501085558.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426105654.htm Some lactic acid bacteria can alleviate inflammation and therefore prevent intestinal disorders. Scientists have now decoded the biochemical mechanism that lies behind the protective effect of the bacteria. In experiments with mice, the researchers succeeded in demonstrating that lactocepin – an enzyme produced by certain lactic acid bacteria – selectively degrades inflammatory mediators in diseased tissue. This new evidence might lead to new approaches for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Thu, 26 Apr 2012 10:56:56 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426105654.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120405075223.htm When the right microorganisms are at work, immune cells involved in the development of autoimmune illnesses like psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and arthritis, can develop anti-inflammatory properties. Scientists have now demonstrated that particular fungi activate the immune cells involved in the development of certain illnesses, whereas other microorganisms, in particular bacteria that are found naturally on our skin, lend an anti-inflammatory function to them. Thu, 05 Apr 2012 07:52:52 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120405075223.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120320152003.htm In a surprising result, researchers looking at the effects of diet on bowel disease found that mice on a calorie-restricted diet were more likely to die after being infected with an inflammation-causing bacterial pathogen in the colon. Tue, 20 Mar 2012 15:20:20 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120320152003.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120319194215.htm Medical researchers have discovered important new information on the efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in treating Crohn's disease, a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CLA is a naturally occurring acid found in meat and dairy products known for its anti-cancer and immune modulatory properties. Mon, 19 Mar 2012 19:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120319194215.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120223103920.htm Researchers have discovered specific molecular and signaling events by which vitamin D inhibits inflammation. Low levels of vitamin D failed to inhibit the inflammatory cascade, while levels considered adequate did inhibit inflammatory signaling. Thu, 23 Feb 2012 10:39:39 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120223103920.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120221212345.htm A leaky gut may be the root of some cancers forming in the rest of the body, a new study suggests. It appears that the hormone receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) -- a previously identified tumor suppressor that exists in the intestinal tract -- plays a key role in strengthening the body's intestinal barrier, which helps separate the gut world from the rest of the body, and possibly keeps cancer at bay. Without the receptor, that barrier weakens. Tue, 21 Feb 2012 21:23:23 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120221212345.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120104135402.htm The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease are increasing with time and in different regions around the world. Wed, 04 Jan 2012 13:54:54 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120104135402.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111227092937.htm Researchers have discovered a new approach to preventing septic shock, an often fatal extreme inflammatory reaction of the body. It is the most frequent cause of death at intensive care departments in hospitals. Researchers have described how blocking a particular form of cell death (necroptosis) fully protects mice against this fatal inflammation. Tue, 27 Dec 2011 09:29:29 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111227092937.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111222133321.htm Sepsis, a form of systemic inflammation, is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Now, a new study finds that inhibition of a specific cell death pathway called "necroptosis" protected mice from lethal inflammation. The research may lead to new therapeutic interventions for fatal inflammatory conditions that are notoriously hard to control. Thu, 22 Dec 2011 13:33:33 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111222133321.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208125728.htm Three new locations for Crohn's Disease genes have been uncovered using a novel gene mapping approach. Thu, 08 Dec 2011 12:57:57 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208125728.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130100455.htm Here's another reason why "an apple a day keeps the doctor away." New research shows oral ingestion of apple polyphenols suppresses T cell activation to prevent colitis in mice. This study is the first demonstrating a role for T cells in polyphenol-mediated protection against autoimmune disease possibly leading to treatments for people with disorders from bowel inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 10:04:04 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130100455.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111120134749.htm A new study describes how different types of immune system T-cells alternately discourage and encourage stem cells to regrow bone and tissue, bringing into sharp focus the importance of the transplant recipient's immune system in stem cell regeneration. Sun, 20 Nov 2011 13:47:47 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111120134749.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111106191311.htm Although there has been concern about the safety of using the type of drugs known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, new research finds that overall, use of these medications is not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for serious infections compared with the use of nonbiologic medications, according to a new study. Sun, 06 Nov 2011 19:13:13 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111106191311.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111031132213.htm Researchers have developed a new way to assess a common cause of chronic diarrhea, microscopic colitis, using the Microscopic Colitis Disease Activity Index. The index provides a consistent way to assess the condition's severity. Mon, 31 Oct 2011 13:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111031132213.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111031115105.htm New research points to a potential role for UV light exposure and vitamin D levels in chronic digestive conditions; Crohn's disease, a serious inflammatory condition in the small intestine; and ulcerative colitis, which similarly affects the colon. Mon, 31 Oct 2011 11:51:51 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111031115105.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111014142615.htm Ultrasound elasticity imaging, or UEI, could allow doctors to non-invasively make the distinction between intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn's disease patients, allowing patients to receive more appropriate and timely care. Fri, 14 Oct 2011 14:26:26 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111014142615.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111012161304.htm A new study finds that narrow band imaging appears to be a less time-consuming and equally effective alternative to chromoendoscopy for the detection of dysplasia in patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease. However, this study demonstrated higher miss rates for detection of lesions by narrow band imaging as compared with chromoendoscopy, and the authors concluded that narrow band imaging cannot be recommended as the standard technique. Wed, 12 Oct 2011 16:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111012161304.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111007122549.htm Researchers have discovered a cellular pathway that promotes inflammation in diseases like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the details of this pathway may provide opportunities for tailored treatments of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Fri, 07 Oct 2011 12:25:25 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111007122549.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110929235156.htm Alcohol can worsen the effects of disease. New research shows that alcohol modulates the anti-viral and inflammatory functions of monocytes. Prolonged alcohol consumption has a double negative effect of reducing the anti-viral effect of Type 1 interferon (IFN) whilst increasing inflammation via the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF±. Consequently this may impair host response to single-stranded virus infection like hepatitis C. Thu, 29 Sep 2011 23:51:51 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110929235156.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110926165940.htm A large-scale data review of double balloon enteroscopy over the last decade showed the endoscopic procedure to be safe and effective for detection of diseases of the small intestine, researchers say. DBE had a pooled detection rate of 68.1 percent for all small intestinal disease. Suspected mid-gastrointestinal bleeding was found to be the most common indication, with a relatively high detection rate. Inflammatory lesions and vascular lesions were the most common findings in patients with suspected mid-gastrointestinal bleeding. Mon, 26 Sep 2011 16:59:59 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110926165940.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110919151338.htm By using a mouse model of inflammation researchers have discovered a new class of molecules that can inhibit the recruitment of some white blood cells to sites of inflammation in the body. Mon, 19 Sep 2011 15:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110919151338.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110916121143.htm Scientists have identified a surprising new role for a new type of T cell in the immune system: some of them can be activated by nerves to make a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) that blocks inflammation. The discovery of these T cells is novel and suggests that it may be possible to treat inflammation and autoimmune diseases by targeting the nerves and the T cells. Fri, 16 Sep 2011 12:11:11 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110916121143.htm