http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/epigenetics/ Read the latest research news on epigenetics, epigenetic influences on disease risk and gene silencing. en-us Sat, 26 May 2012 13:05:01 EDT Sat, 26 May 2012 13:05:01 EDT 60 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/epigenetics/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521163853.htm Researchers have seen an increased reaction to stress in animals whose ancestors were exposed to an environmental compound generations earlier. The findings put a new twist on the notions of nature and nurture, with broad implications for how certain behavioral tendencies might be inherited. Mon, 21 May 2012 16:38:38 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521163853.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120517132059.htm Scientists have used a new technique to map 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA from human and mouse embryonic stem cells, revealing new information about their patterns of distribution. These studies have revealed that these DNA modifications play major roles in fundamental life processes such as cell differentiation, cancer and brain function. Thu, 17 May 2012 13:20:20 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120517132059.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120511104205.htm New research findings show that embryonic stem cells unable to fully compact the DNA inside them cannot complete their primary task: Differentiation into specific cell types that give rise to the various types of tissues and structures in the body. Fri, 11 May 2012 10:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120511104205.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503194213.htm Researchers have found that ovarian disease can result from exposures to a wide range of environmental chemicals and be inherited by future generations. Reproductive biologists looked at how a fungicide, pesticide, plastic, dioxin and hydrocarbon mixtures affected a gestating rat's progeny for multiple generations. They saw subsequent generations inherit ovarian disease by "epigenetic transgenerational inheritance." Thu, 03 May 2012 19:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503194213.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503125718.htm A team led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute and the University of California (UC) San Diego has discovered a new type of dynamic change in human stem cells. Thu, 03 May 2012 12:57:57 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503125718.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501085508.htm Scientists have shown that a brand new type of cancer pill that exploits the emerging field of epigenetics is safe for human use, according to Phase I trial results. Tue, 01 May 2012 08:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501085508.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426143854.htm A new technique will significantly improve scientists' ability to perform epigenetics research and help unlock the door to understanding how cells develop and function. Epigenetics is a branch of genetics that studies modifications to the DNA which affect gene activity. The research has important implications for stem cell research and the development of regenerative medicines. Thu, 26 Apr 2012 14:38:38 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426143854.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419191709.htm Researchers have identified a group of "aging" genes that are switched on and off by natural mechanisms called epigenetic factors, influencing the rate of healthy aging and potential longevity. Thu, 19 Apr 2012 19:17:17 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419191709.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120413101339.htm Researchers have discovered that changes in the gene expression of a key enzyme may contribute to high blood pressure and increase susceptibility to forming blood clots in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Fri, 13 Apr 2012 10:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120413101339.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120412141813.htm Researchers have identified a new mechanism by which colon cancer develops. By focusing on segments of DNA located between genes, or so-called “junk DNA,” the team has discovered a set of master switches, i.e., gene enhancer elements, that turn “on and off” key genes whose altered expression is defining for colon cancers. Thu, 12 Apr 2012 14:18:18 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120412141813.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120401105501.htm Expectant mothers might feel a little better about reaching for that pint of ice cream: New research suggests that twins, and babies of mothers who diet around the time of conception and in early pregnancy, may have an increased risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. This study provides exciting insights into how behavior can lead to epigenetic changes in offspring related to obesity and disease. Sun, 01 Apr 2012 10:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120401105501.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120329141923.htm A DICER protein, known to produce tiny RNAs in cells, also helps complete an important step in gene expression, according to research on Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression of a gene requires activation via a promoter or an external trigger. Plant research to be published in Science helps to show that later stages of transcription are just as important. This is likely to apply to other organisms, including humans. Thu, 29 Mar 2012 14:19:19 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120329141923.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120329101856.htm Scientists have discovered that a protein, called TRIM28, normally present in the mother's egg, is essential right after fertilization, to preserve certain chemical modifications or 'epigenetic marks' on a specific set of genes. This newly published study paves the way for more research to explore the role that epigenetics might play in infertility. Thu, 29 Mar 2012 10:18:18 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120329101856.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120327124235.htm Researchers have identified epigenetic changes – known as DNA methylation – in the blood of patients with schizophrenia. The researchers were also able to detect differences depending on how old the patients were when they developed the disease and whether they had been treated with various drugs. In the future this new knowledge may be used to develop a simple test to diagnose patients with schizophrenia. Tue, 27 Mar 2012 12:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120327124235.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120326160651.htm Researchers have devised a nanoscale sensor to electronically read the sequence of a single DNA molecule, a technique that is fast and inexpensive and could make DNA sequencing widely available. Mon, 26 Mar 2012 16:06:06 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120326160651.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120313190153.htm Cancer is usually attributed to faulty genes, but growing evidence from the field of cancer epigenetics indicates a key role for the gene "silencing" proteins that stably turn genes off inside the cell nucleus. A new study promises to speed research in the field by rapidly identifying the genes that epigenetic proteins can target for silencing. Tue, 13 Mar 2012 19:01:01 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120313190153.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120306131254.htm When healthy but inactive men and women exercise for a matter of minutes, it produces a rather immediate change to their DNA. Perhaps even more tantalizing, the study suggests that the caffeine in your morning coffee might also influence muscle in essentially the same way. Tue, 06 Mar 2012 13:12:12 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120306131254.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120302101712.htm Researchers have figured out how the human body keeps essential genes switched "on" and silences the vast stretches of genetic repeats and "junk" DNA. Fri, 02 Mar 2012 10:17:17 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120302101712.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120228140555.htm Researchers have discovered yet another reason why the "sulforaphane" compound in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables is so good for you -- it provides not just one, but two ways to prevent cancer through the complex mechanism of epigenetics. Tue, 28 Feb 2012 14:05:05 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120228140555.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120227152729.htm A new article finds epigenetic effect of psychological difficulty in childhood on an important regulator of stress response. The research may help explain a biological link between adversity in youth and later depression or anxiety. Mon, 27 Feb 2012 15:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120227152729.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120216134328.htm Mice genetically engineered to be susceptible to autism-like behaviors that were exposed to a common flame retardant were less fertile and their offspring were smaller, less sociable and demonstrated marked deficits in learning and long-term memory when compared with the offspring of normal unexposed mice, a new study has found. Thu, 16 Feb 2012 13:43:43 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120216134328.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120202151139.htm Scientists have tracked the activity, across the lifespan, of an environmentally responsive regulatory mechanism that turns genes on and off in the brain's executive hub. Genes implicated in schizophrenia and autism are among those in which regulatory activity peaks during an environmentally-sensitive critical period in development. The mechanism, called DNA methylation, abruptly switches from off to on within the human brain's prefrontal cortex during this pivotal transition from fetal to postnatal life. Thu, 02 Feb 2012 15:11:11 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120202151139.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120130094349.htm Researchers have discovered a molecular pathway that may explain how a particularly deadly form of cancer develops. The discovery may lead to new cancer therapies that reprogram cells instead of killing them. Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:43:43 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120130094349.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120118143622.htm Scientists described the track the toxic smoke takes through the tissues and how they accomplish their destructive work. Wed, 18 Jan 2012 14:36:36 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120118143622.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112111944.htm A new study shows how the cancer causing gene Notch, in combination with a mutated Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) protein complex, work together to cause T- cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Thu, 12 Jan 2012 11:19:19 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112111944.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111228134841.htm New research has provided the first proof of molecular risk factors leading to type 2 diabetes, providing an "early warning" sign that could lead to new approaches to treating this and other human disease conditions. Wed, 28 Dec 2011 13:48:48 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111228134841.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130100439.htm Scientists investigating the interactions, or binding patterns, of a major tumor-suppressor protein known as p53 with the entire genome in normal human cells have turned up key differences from those observed in cancer cells. The distinct binding patterns reflect differences in the chromatin (the way DNA is packed with proteins), which may be important for understanding the function of the tumor suppressor protein in cancer cells. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 10:04:04 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130100439.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111129092426.htm A new study, which set out to investigate DNA methylation in the human heart and the "missing link" between our lifestyle and our health, has now mapped the link in detail across the entire human genome. Tue, 29 Nov 2011 09:24:24 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111129092426.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111113141409.htm In the last three decades, thousands of women with breast cancer have taken the drug tamoxifen, only to discover that the therapy doesn't work, either because their tumors do not respond to the treatment at all, or because they develop resistance to it over time. Now researchers have discovered the molecular basis for tamoxifen resistance and found a potential way to defeat it. Sun, 13 Nov 2011 14:14:14 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111113141409.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110094925.htm A new type of therapy aimed at reversing the gene-silencing that promotes cancer-cell growth has shown promising results in a small clinical trial. Forty-five late-stage lung cancer patients who received a two-drug combination designed to restore anti-cancer gene activity survived about two months longer than the expected four months, and two patients showed complete or near-complete responses despite having progressive disease after multiple standard therapies. Thu, 10 Nov 2011 09:49:49 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111110094925.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111109111528.htm Patients with recurrent metastatic non-small cell lung cancer have a morbid prognosis, but a new epigenetic therapy may have potential for this population, according to new data. Wed, 09 Nov 2011 11:15:15 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111109111528.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111107162734.htm Neurons in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with autism show changes at numerous sites across the genome, according to a new study. Mon, 07 Nov 2011 16:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111107162734.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103143249.htm The histone protein CenH3 is both necessary and sufficient to trigger the formation of centromeres and pass them on from one generation to the next. Thu, 03 Nov 2011 14:32:32 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103143249.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110930195143.htm Scientists investigating chemical modifications across the genomes of adult mice have discovered that DNA modifications in non-dividing brain cells, thought to be inherently stable, instead underwent large-scale dynamic changes as a result of stimulated brain activity. Their report has major implications for treating psychiatric diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and for better understanding learning, memory and mood regulation. Fri, 30 Sep 2011 19:51:51 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110930195143.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110927192352.htm As anyone familiar with the phrase "man-flu" will know women consider themselves to be the more robust side of the species when it comes to health and illness. Now new research seems to support the idea. The research focuses on the role of MicroRNAs encoded on the X chromosome to explain why women have stronger immune systems to men and are less likely to develop cancer. Tue, 27 Sep 2011 19:23:23 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110927192352.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110921120039.htm In the first study to systematically investigate genome-wide epigenetic differences in a large number of psychosis discordant twin-pairs, new research provides further evidence that epigenetic processes play an important role in neuropsychiatric disease. The findings may offer potential new avenues for treatment. Wed, 21 Sep 2011 12:00:00 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110921120039.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110901134650.htm Chromatin -- the intertwined histone proteins and DNA that make up chromosomes -- constantly receives messages that pour in from a cell's intricate signaling networks: Turn that gene on. Stifle that one. But chromatin also talks back, scientists report, issuing orders affecting a protein that has nothing to do with chromatin's central role in gene transcription -- the first step in protein formation. Thu, 01 Sep 2011 13:46:46 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110901134650.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831081606.htm Does Dad's stress affect his unborn children? According to the results of a new study, it seems the answer may be "yes, but it's complicated." Wed, 31 Aug 2011 08:16:16 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831081606.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110830144630.htm Researchers have shown that parental stress during their children's early years can leave an imprint on their sons' or daughters' genes -- an imprint that lasts into adolescence and may affect how these genes are expressed later in life. Tue, 30 Aug 2011 14:46:46 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110830144630.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110809162014.htm Researchers have found that a cancer-causing fusion protein works by silencing the tumor suppressor gene IL-2R common gamma-chain. The results suggest news targets for lymphoma and other types of cancer. Tue, 09 Aug 2011 16:20:20 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110809162014.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110711131326.htm A difficult-to-treat form of childhood leukemia relies on changes in the structure of DNA -- so-called epigenetic changes -- to wreak genomic havoc within white blood cells, according to one of two new studies. Researchers also showed that a new drug that blocks these changes could deactivate cancer-promoting genes and halt the growth of this cancer. Mon, 11 Jul 2011 13:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110711131326.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110704123236.htm During intrauterine life and lactation, undernutrition brings about modifications involving DNA, leading to metabolic pathologies at the adult age. Researchers have demonstrated for the first time, through an animal-based study, such repercussions at the level of the leptin gene, the hormone that regulates satiety and metabolism. This work could, in the longer term, have an impact on the prevention of metabolic diseases, medically assisted procreation and care for premature infants. Mon, 04 Jul 2011 12:32:32 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110704123236.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110630112851.htm Adult stem and progenitor cells may not contain a clean genetic slate after all. A new report shows that these cells have unique "epigenetic signatures," which change once a cell differentiates. Epigenetic changes do not affect the make up in a cell's DNA, but how that DNA functions. Epigenetic changes have demonstrated a role in a range of diseases, as well as to be heritable from mother to child. Thu, 30 Jun 2011 11:28:28 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110630112851.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110626145305.htm Using the latest gene sequencing tools to examine so-called epigenetic influences on the DNA makeup of colon cancer, a team of researchers says its results suggest cancer treatment might eventually be more tolerable and successful if therapies could focus on helping cancer cells get back to normal in addition to strategies for killing them. Sun, 26 Jun 2011 14:53:53 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110626145305.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110624080344.htm Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which affects one child in 25,000. Children born with this syndrome have a range of complex neurological and developmental problems which continue into adult life. New research demonstrates that the hormone oxytocin is able to positively affect patients by improving trust, mood, and reducing disruptive behavior. Fri, 24 Jun 2011 08:03:03 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110624080344.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110623130328.htm Researchers have uncovered a mechanism by which the effects of stress in the fly species Drosophila are inherited epigenetically over many generations through changes to the structure of chromatin, the material that makes up the cell nucleus. The results highlight the role of the transcription factor dATF-2 in chromatin assembly, marking a major advance in our understanding of non-Mendelian inheritance. Thu, 23 Jun 2011 13:03:03 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110623130328.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110623130146.htm None of us are strangers to stress of various kinds. It turns out the effects of all those stresses can change the fate of future generation, influencing our very DNA without any change to the underlying sequence of As, Gs, Ts and Cs. Now, researchers have new evidence that helps to explain just how these epigenetic changes really happen. Thu, 23 Jun 2011 13:01:01 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110623130146.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110620161306.htm Researchers have revealed novel mechanisms in mitochondria that have implications for cancer as well as many other age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease, heart disease and hypertension. This discovery has pioneered the formation of a whole new field within epigenetics research ripe with possibilities of developing future gene therapies to treat cancer and age-associated diseases. Mon, 20 Jun 2011 16:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110620161306.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110609112917.htm Mice born to mothers who are fed a diet supplemented with B vitamins are less likely to develop intestinal tumors. Scientists associated the tumor suppression seen in the offspring of supplemented mothers with a protection against disruptions to the "Wnt" signaling pathway, a network of genes commonly altered in colorectal cancer. Thu, 09 Jun 2011 11:29:29 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110609112917.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110602081842.htm Researchers have identified the "epigenetic fingerprints" of 1,628 people -- healthy volunteers in addition to patients suffering from common diseases, such as cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Thu, 02 Jun 2011 08:18:18 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110602081842.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110525164110.htm A high-fat diet during pregnancy may program a woman's baby for future diabetes, even if she herself is not obese or diabetic, according to a new study. Wed, 25 May 2011 16:41:41 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110525164110.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110518105511.htm Children whose mothers or grandmothers smoked during pregnancy are at increased risk of asthma in childhood, but the underlying causes of this are not well understood. Now a new study indicates changes in a process called DNA methylation that occurs before birth may be a root cause. Wed, 18 May 2011 10:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110518105511.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110512150719.htm Scientists report an epigenetic rationale as to how some genes are silenced and others aren't. By reversing this effect, it may be possible to devise therapies for cancer and other diseases. Thu, 12 May 2011 15:07:07 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110512150719.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110505083224.htm The most comprehensive analysis yet of the epigenetic modifications present in breast cancer has revealed potentially important new ways to detect and treat the disease, Belgian researchers have reported. Thu, 05 May 2011 08:32:32 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110505083224.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110323104737.htm After an exhaustive survey of contemporary epigenetics studies, one researcher has concluded that some of the effects of stress, cancer and other chronic diseases may be passed on to our offspring -- and theirs -- through deep and complicated underlying cellular mechanisms that scientists are just beginning to understand. Wed, 23 Mar 2011 10:47:47 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110323104737.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110307151911.htm Poor diet during pregnancy increases offspring's vulnerability to the effects of aging, new research has shown for the first time. Mon, 07 Mar 2011 15:19:19 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110307151911.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110126121452.htm A new study provides insight into how stress impacts the brain and may help to explain why some individuals are predisposed to depression when they experience chronic stress. The research reveals complex molecular mechanisms associated with chronic stress and may help to guide new treatment strategies for depression. Wed, 26 Jan 2011 12:14:14 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110126121452.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110114100957.htm A new study provides a rational for treating breast cancer by combining two kinds of targeted agents, one that inhibits an overactive, cancer-causing signaling pathway in cancer cells and one that reverses changes that silence genes that normally prevent cancer. Both types of agents are currently available and being evaluated individually in clinical trials. Fri, 14 Jan 2011 10:09:09 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110114100957.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110113102158.htm The modENCODE project is a massive ongoing effort to map all the elements in model organisms that affect whether genes are silenced or expressed. The research is part of the burgeoning new field of epigenetics and the eventual goal in the words of the Washington University team leader is "to put flesh on the bones" of the Human Genome Project. Thu, 13 Jan 2011 10:21:21 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110113102158.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101223130149.htm We aren't just what we eat; we are what our parents ate, too. That's an emerging idea that is bolstered by a new study showing that mice sired by fathers fed on a low-protein diet show distinct and reproducible changes in the activity of key metabolic genes in their livers. Those changes occurred despite the fact that the fathers never saw their offspring. Thu, 23 Dec 2010 13:01:01 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101223130149.htm