http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/healthy_aging/ Healthy aging is a journey and a process. Read articles on treating bladder problems, slowing dementia and understanding health issues related to aging. en-us Sat, 26 May 2012 13:05:01 EDT Sat, 26 May 2012 13:05:01 EDT 60 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/healthy_aging/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524215339.htm Researchers have found that personality traits like being extroverted, enjoying laughter and staying engaged may also be part of the longevity genes mix that allows some people to reach age 100 and beyond. Thu, 24 May 2012 21:53:53 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524215339.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524123209.htm Despite a long-held scientific belief that much of the wiring of the brain is fixed by adolescence, a new study shows that changes in sensory experience can cause massive rewiring, even as one ages. The study also found this rewiring involves fibers that supply the primary input to the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for sensory perception, motor control and cognition. These findings may open new avenues of research on brain remodeling and aging. Thu, 24 May 2012 12:32:32 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524123209.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524122851.htm Researchers at NYU School of Medicine have, for the first time, identified a single gene that simultaneously controls inflammation, accelerated aging and cancer. Thu, 24 May 2012 12:28:28 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524122851.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524092046.htm Stem cells are essential building blocks for all organisms, from plants to humans. They can divide and renew themselves throughout life, differentiating into the specialized tissues needed during development, as well as cells necessary to repair adult tissue. Therefore, they can be considered immortal, in that they recreate themselves and regenerate tissues throughout a person’s lifetime, but that doesn’t mean they don’t age. They do, gradually losing their ability to effectively maintain tissues and organs. Now, researchers have uncovered a series of biological events that implicate the stem cells' surroundings, known as their "niche," as the culprit in loss of stem cells due to aging. This research has implications for treatment of age-related diseases and for the effectiveness of regenerative medicine. Thu, 24 May 2012 09:20:20 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524092046.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120523102958.htm Brains that maintain healthy nerve connections as we age help keep us sharp in later life, new research has found. Wed, 23 May 2012 10:29:29 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120523102958.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522200629.htm Pathological aging (PA) is used to describe the brains of people which have Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology but where the person showed no signs of cognitive impairment whilst they were alive. New research shows that PA and AD brains contain similar amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and that while on average AD brains contain more Aβ there was considerable overlap in Aβ subtypes. These results suggest that PA may simply be an early stage of AD. Tue, 22 May 2012 20:06:06 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522200629.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522161338.htm Research demonstrates how dying or damaged brain cells give rise to autoantibodies in blood that can be reliable biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. Key mechanism mirrors process common to autoimmune disorders. Tue, 22 May 2012 16:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522161338.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522135147.htm When brain cells start oozing too much of the amyloid protein that is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, the astrocytes that normally nourish and protect them deliver a suicide package instead, researchers report. Tue, 22 May 2012 13:51:51 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522135147.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521115512.htm Statins drugs prescribed to treat high cholesterol may also work to slow prostate growth in men who have elevated PSA levels, according to a new analysis. Mon, 21 May 2012 11:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521115512.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521103821.htm Small babies had significantly higher blood glucose and insulin levels and a higher risk of diabetes at the age of 75 and older. The risk of diabetes in old age was five-fold among those born small but who were obese in midlife compared to those with higher birth weight and low body mass index in adulthood. Mon, 21 May 2012 10:38:38 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521103821.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120518081358.htm According to new research, one "bad" fat -- saturated fat -- was found to be associated with worse overall cognitive function and memory in women over time. By contrast, a "good" fat -- mono-unsaturated fat was associated with better overall cognitive function and memory. Fri, 18 May 2012 08:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120518081358.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120516140016.htm ApoE4, a well-known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease triggers a cascade of signaling that ultimately results in leaky blood vessels in the brain, allowing toxic substances to pour into brain tissue in large amounts, scientists report. Wed, 16 May 2012 14:00:00 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120516140016.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120516140010.htm Common variants of the ApoE gene are strongly associated with the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease, but the gene's role in the disease has been unclear. Now, researchers have found that in mice, having the most risky variant of ApoE damages the blood vessels that feed the brain. Wed, 16 May 2012 14:00:00 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120516140010.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120514204050.htm A new study consisting of inducing cells to express telomerase, the enzyme which -- metaphorically -- slows down the biological clock -- was successful. The research provides a "proof-of-principle" that this "feasible and safe" approach can effectively "improve health span." Mon, 14 May 2012 20:40:40 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120514204050.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120511175008.htm The naked mole rat's unusually long and healthy life span may be explained by cellular machinery that disposes of damaged proteins. Scientists found that this machinery differs in composition from that of other rodents. Fri, 11 May 2012 17:50:50 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120511175008.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120510113348.htm Research suggests a new approach to improving memory and interrupting disease progression in patients with a form of cognitive impairment that often leads to full-blown Alzheimer’s disease. Thu, 10 May 2012 11:33:33 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120510113348.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120510100521.htm With high UV levels continuing in Australia this autumn, young people are at risk of suffering the worst skin damage they will receive during their lifetime, new research has found. Thu, 10 May 2012 10:05:05 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120510100521.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120509140001.htm Efforts to understand how the aging process affects the brain and cognition have expanded beyond simply comparing younger and older adults. Wed, 09 May 2012 14:00:00 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120509140001.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120509123850.htm New research describes a potential new therapeutic approach for improving memory and modifying disease progression in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. The study finds that excess brain activity may be doing more harm than good in some conditions that cause mild cognitive decline and memory impairment. Wed, 09 May 2012 12:38:38 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120509123850.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507165341.htm A four-week exercise program for heart-failure patients slowed muscle-wasting and improved their exercise capacity, regardless of age, according to new research. The study confirms that exercise can reduce inflammation in skeletal muscle. Findings offer a possible avenue for future drug therapy to treat muscle-wasting in heart failure patients. Mon, 07 May 2012 16:53:53 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507165341.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507164328.htm A study on a handful of people with suspected mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggests that a device that sends continuous electrical impulses to specific “memory” regions of the brain appears to increase neuronal activity. Results of the study using deep brain stimulation, a therapy already used in some patients with Parkinson’s disease and depression, may offer hope for at least some with AD, an intractable disease with no cure. Mon, 07 May 2012 16:43:43 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507164328.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507164326.htm Greater purpose in life may help stave off the harmful effects of plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer’s disease, according to a new study. Mon, 07 May 2012 16:43:43 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507164326.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507164215.htm Depressive symptoms that are present in midlife or in late life are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, according to a new report. Mon, 07 May 2012 16:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507164215.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507154103.htm Female mice from strains with lower IGF1 levels reach sexual maturity at a significantly later age. Combined with previous research showing that mouse strains with lower circulating levels of IGF1 live longer, the findings suggest a genetically regulated tradeoff: delayed reproduction but longer life. Mon, 07 May 2012 15:41:41 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507154103.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507102221.htm Elderly people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes suffer from an accelerated decline in brain size and mental capacity in as little as two years according to new research. Mon, 07 May 2012 10:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120507102221.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503125808.htm Researchers have rejuvenated aged hematopoietic stem cells to be functionally younger, offering intriguing clues into how medicine might one day fend off some of the ailments of old age. The study brings new perspective to what has been a life science controversy -- countering what used to be broad consensus that the aging of hematopoietic stem cells was locked in by nature and not reversible by therapeutic intervention. Thu, 03 May 2012 12:58:58 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503125808.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503103448.htm Women who smoke and carry specific variations in the genes that impact their metabolism are at higher risk of developing hot flashes in comparison with smokers who do not carry these gene variants, according to a recent study. Thu, 03 May 2012 10:34:34 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503103448.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502184831.htm A new study suggests that eating foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, chicken, salad dressing and nuts, may be associated with lower blood levels of a protein related to Alzheimer's disease and memory problems. Wed, 02 May 2012 18:48:48 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502184831.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502184706.htm A drug prescribed for Alzheimer's disease does not ease clinically significant agitation in patients, according to first randomized controlled trial designed to assess the effectiveness of the drug (generic name memantine) for significant agitation in Alzheimer's patients. Wed, 02 May 2012 18:47:47 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502184706.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502132956.htm A highly toxic beta-amyloid – a protein that exists in the brains of Alzheimer's disease victims – has been found to greatly increase the toxicity of other more common and less toxic beta-amyloids, serving as a possible "trigger" for the advent and development of Alzheimer's, researchers have discovered. Wed, 02 May 2012 13:29:29 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502132956.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502112933.htm Scientists have developed a peptide that protects dopamine-producing neurons, freezing neurodegeneration in its tracks in preclinical trials. This peptide could be easily delivered by daily injections or absorbed through the skin from an adhesive patch as a preventative therapy for Parkinson's disease, she says. Wed, 02 May 2012 11:29:29 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502112933.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501134205.htm Scientists have identified a key mechanism of action for the TOR (target of rapamycin) protein kinase, a critical regulator of cell growth which plays a major role in illness and aging. This finding not only illuminates the physiology of aging but could lead to new treatments to increase lifespan and control age-related conditions, such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Tue, 01 May 2012 13:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501134205.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501134201.htm You think your computer has a lot of memory … if you keep using your computer you may, too. Combining mentally stimulating activities, such as using a computer, with moderate exercise decreases your odds of having memory loss more than computer use or exercise alone, a new study shows. Tue, 01 May 2012 13:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501134201.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430105404.htm New research suggests that an enzyme, called 5-lipoxygenase, plays a key role in cell death induced by microgravity environments, and that inhibiting this enzyme will likely help prevent or lessen the severity of immune problems in astronauts caused by spaceflight. Additionally, since space conditions initiate health problems that mimic aging on Earth, this discovery may lead to therapeutics that extend lives by bolstering the immune systems of the elderly. Mon, 30 Apr 2012 10:54:54 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430105404.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430105402.htm Vitamin D may be known as the sunshine vitamin, but a new research report shows that it is more than that. According to the report, insufficient levels of vitamin D are related to a deficiency in our innate immune defenses that protect us from infections, neoplasias or autoimmune diseases. Mon, 30 Apr 2012 10:54:54 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430105402.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430101026.htm Scientists have discovered that they can dramatically increase the life span of mice with progeria (premature aging disease) and heart disease (caused by Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy) by reducing levels of a protein called SUN1. Their findings provide an exciting lead into developing new methods to treat premature aging and heart disease. Mon, 30 Apr 2012 10:10:10 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430101026.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120427163335.htm Aging may seem unavoidable, but that's not necessarily so when it comes to the brain. So say researchers based on counterintuitive evidence that it is what you do in old age that matters when it comes to maintaining a youthful brain rather than what you did earlier in life. Fri, 27 Apr 2012 16:33:33 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120427163335.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426143806.htm Scientists have discovered that the gas nitric oxide (NO), produced in all cells of the human body for natural purposes, plays a fundamental regulatory role in controlling bacterial function, via a signaling mechanism called S-nitrosylation (SNO), which binds NO to protein molecules. In addition, the researchers discovered a novel set of 150 genes that regulate SNO production and disruption of these genes created bacterial cell damage resembling the cell damage seen in many common human diseases. Collectively these data point to new classes of antibiotics and several new disease treatments. Thu, 26 Apr 2012 14:38:38 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426143806.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426135230.htm Scientists have unraveled a process by which depletion of a specific protein in the brain contributes to the memory problems associated with Alzheimer's disease. These findings provide new insights into the disease's development and may lead to new therapies that could benefit the millions of people worldwide suffering from Alzheimer's and other devastating neurological disorders. Thu, 26 Apr 2012 13:52:52 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426135230.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426110250.htm Blueberries and strawberries, which are high in flavonoids, appear to reduce cognitive decline in older adults according to a new study. The study results suggest that cognitive aging could be delayed by up to 2.5 years in elderly who consume greater amounts of the flavonoid-rich berries. Thu, 26 Apr 2012 11:02:02 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426110250.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426104959.htm Maternal age is linked to autism, a new review of studies suggests. While much research has been done to identify potential genetic causes of autism, this analysis suggests that non-heritable and environmental factors may also play a role in children's risk for autism. Thu, 26 Apr 2012 10:49:49 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120426104959.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120425094358.htm The protective effects of an active cognitive lifestyle arise through multiple biological pathways, new research suggests. For some time researchers have been aware of a link between what we do with our brains and the long term risk for dementia. In general, those who are more mentally active or maintain an active cognitive lifestyle throughout their lives are at lower risk. New research throws some light on what may be happening at the biological level. Wed, 25 Apr 2012 09:43:43 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120425094358.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120424095948.htm New research suggests that chronic cocaine abuse accelerates the process of brain aging. The study found that age-related loss of gray matter in the brain is greater in people who are dependent on cocaine than in the healthy population. Tue, 24 Apr 2012 09:59:59 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120424095948.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120424095946.htm Children who have experienced violence might really be older than their years. The DNA of 10-year-olds who experienced violence in their young lives has been found to show wear and tear normally associated with aging, a new study has found. Tue, 24 Apr 2012 09:59:59 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120424095946.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423162403.htm Cognitive decline is a pressing global health care issue. Worldwide, one case of dementia is detected every seven seconds. Mild cognitive impairment is a well recognized risk factor for dementia, and represents a critical window of opportunity for intervening and altering the trajectory of cognitive decline in seniors. Mon, 23 Apr 2012 16:24:24 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423162403.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423162227.htm Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting over five million people worldwide, and is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Currently, intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment is being explored in multiple off-label uses other than immunotherapy, including AD. Several clinical studies assessing the tolerability and efficacy of IVIG in Alzheimer's disease subjects are in progress with inconsistent outcomes. Mon, 23 Apr 2012 16:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423162227.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423162221.htm The neuron-killing pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which begins before clinical symptoms appear, requires the presence of both amyloid-beta (a-beta) plaque deposits and elevated levels of an altered protein called p-tau. Mon, 23 Apr 2012 16:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423162221.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423131756.htm Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects some 1 in 5 US adults. A novel research model finds after just 30 days of OSA exposure, cerebral vessel function is altered, which could lead to stroke. Mon, 23 Apr 2012 13:17:17 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423131756.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120420105831.htm Neuroscientists have observed correlations between increases in both soluble and plaque-forming beta-amyloid -- a protein implicated in the disease process -- and dysfunctional developments on several levels: individual cortical neurons, neuronal circuits, sensory cognition, and behavior. Their results show that these changes progress in parallel and that, together, they reveal distinct stages in Alzheimer's disease with a specific order in time. Fri, 20 Apr 2012 10:58:58 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120420105831.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120420104529.htm Researchers have shown that brain plaques in mice are associated with disruption of the ability of brain regions to network with each other. Fri, 20 Apr 2012 10:45:45 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120420104529.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419191709.htm Researchers have identified a group of "aging" genes that are switched on and off by natural mechanisms called epigenetic factors, influencing the rate of healthy aging and potential longevity. Thu, 19 Apr 2012 19:17:17 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419191709.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418203530.htm Daily physical activity may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline, even in people over the age of 80, according to a new study. Wed, 18 Apr 2012 20:35:35 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418203530.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418203524.htm New research provides evidence to explain why some people are more likely to develop kidney stones than others. Their discovery opens the door to finding effective drug treatments and a test that could assess a person’s risk of the condition. Wed, 18 Apr 2012 20:35:35 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418203524.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120417102407.htm A study reveals that gum deterioration, which often occurs with increasing age, is associated with a drop in the level of a protein called Del-1. Tue, 17 Apr 2012 10:24:24 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120417102407.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120416115026.htm Use of a new drug to detect the beta-amyloid plaques in the brain that are hallmark signs of Alzheimer's disease may help doctors diagnose the disease earlier. Mon, 16 Apr 2012 11:50:50 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120416115026.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120415151347.htm Scientists have advanced understanding of the genetic components of Alzheimer's disease and of brain development with two new studies. The first study has found that certain versions of four genes may speed shrinkage of a brain region involved in making new memories. The brain area, known as the hippocampus, normally shrinks with age, but if the process speeds up, it could increase vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease, the research suggests. The second article identifies two genes associated with intracranial volume -- the space within the skull occupied by the brain when the brain is fully developed in a person's lifespan, usually around age 20. Sun, 15 Apr 2012 15:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120415151347.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120410210948.htm A new technique for analyzing brain images offers the possibility of using magnetic resonance imaging to predict the rate of progression and physical path of many degenerative brain diseases, report scientists. Tue, 10 Apr 2012 21:09:09 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120410210948.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120410101908.htm Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now the sixth leading cause of death among Americans, affecting nearly 1 in 8 people over the age of 65. There is currently no treatment that alters the course of this disease. However, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that changes in the way the body handles iron and other metals like copper and zinc may start years before the onset of AD symptoms. A new study shows that reducing iron levels in blood plasma may protect the brain from changes related to AD. Tue, 10 Apr 2012 10:19:19 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120410101908.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120410093149.htm A new comparative effectiveness report confirms that pelvic floor muscle training is effective for treating adult women with urinary incontinence without risk of side effects. Tue, 10 Apr 2012 09:31:31 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120410093149.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120409164156.htm Researchers have determined that bacteria are present in the bladders of some healthy women, which discredits the common belief that normal urine is sterile. Mon, 09 Apr 2012 16:41:41 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120409164156.htm