http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/fuel_cells/ Fuel Cell News and Research. Read about the latest developments in everything from highly efficient fuel cell technology to proposals of using microbes as an energy source. en-us Thu, 16 Feb 2012 01:05:02 EST Thu, 16 Feb 2012 01:05:02 EST 60 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/fuel_cells/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120212192557.htm Researchers have developed methodology, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to examine batteries without destroying them. Their technique creates the possibility of improving battery performance and safety by serving as a diagnostic of its internal workings. Sun, 12 Feb 2012 19:25:25 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120212192557.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120126152132.htm Japan used seawater to cool nuclear fuel at the stricken Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear plant after the tsunami in March 2011 -- and that was probably the best action to take at the time, say experts. But researchers have since discovered a new way in which seawater can corrode nuclear fuel, forming uranium compounds that could potentially travel long distances, either in solution or as very small particles. Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:21:21 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120126152132.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112095853.htm No less than one-third of a car's fuel consumption is spent in overcoming friction, and this friction loss has a direct impact on both fuel consumption and emissions. However, new technology can reduce friction by anything from 10 to 80 percent in various components of a car, according to a new study. Thu, 12 Jan 2012 09:58:58 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112095853.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110151710.htm The available amount of fossil fuels is limited and their combustion in vehicle motors increases atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The generation of fuels from biomass as an alternative is on the rise. Scientists have now introduced a new catalytic process that allows the effective conversion of biopetroleum from microalgae into diesel fuels. Tue, 10 Jan 2012 15:17:17 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110151710.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111223091335.htm If all the UK's discarded wrapping paper and Christmas cards were collected and fermented, they could make enough biofuel to run a double-decker bus to the moon and back more than 20 times, according to the researchers behind a new scientific study. Fri, 23 Dec 2011 09:13:13 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111223091335.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111220193312.htm Chemists have solved the 150 year-old mystery of what gives the lead-acid battery, found under the bonnet of most cars, its unique ability to deliver a surge of current. Tue, 20 Dec 2011 19:33:33 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111220193312.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111220133709.htm Researchers have developed a new and significantly cheaper method of manufacturing fuel cells. A noble metal nanoparticle catalyst for fuel cells is prepared using atomic layer deposition. Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:37:37 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111220133709.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111219112010.htm Water splitting in photo-electrochemical cells to yield hydrogen is a promising way to sustainable fuels. Scientists have now made major progress in developing highly efficient electrodes – made of an algal protein, thus mimicking a central step in natural photosynthesis. Mon, 19 Dec 2011 11:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111219112010.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111219102226.htm A new method makes it possible to use microbes to produce butanol suitable for biofuel and other industrial chemicals from wood biomass. Butanol is particularly suited as a transport fuel because it is not water soluble and has higher energy content than ethanol. Mon, 19 Dec 2011 10:22:22 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111219102226.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208121024.htm The concept of the hydrogen economy (HE), in which hydrogen would replace the carbon-based fossil fuels of the twentieth century was first mooted in the 1970s. Today, HE is seen as a potential solution to the dual global crises of climate change and dwindling oil reserves. A research article suggests that HE is wrong and SHE has the answer in the sustainable hydrogen economy. Thu, 08 Dec 2011 12:10:10 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208121024.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208121022.htm The current Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards create a financial incentive for auto companies to make bigger vehicles that are allowed to meet lower targets, according to a new study. Thu, 08 Dec 2011 12:10:10 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111208121022.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111129123255.htm A new study questions the cost-effectiveness of biofuels and says they would barely reduce fossil fuel use and would likely increase greenhouse gas emissions. Tue, 29 Nov 2011 12:32:32 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111129123255.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111123151916.htm Researchers have used nanoparticles of a copper compound to develop a high-power battery electrode that is so inexpensive to make, so efficient and so durable that it could be used to build batteries big enough for economical large-scale energy storage on the electrical grid -- something researchers have sought for years. Wed, 23 Nov 2011 15:19:19 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111123151916.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122143356.htm A new study is first to focus on the extra carbon savings that can be squeezed from trees when wood not suitable for long-term building materials is used for bioenergy: Depending on the process used, ethanol from woody biomass emits less greenhouse gas than an equivalent amount of gasoline, between 70 percent and a little over 100 percent less. In contrast, corn ethanol reduces greenhouse gas emissions 22 percent on average. Tue, 22 Nov 2011 14:33:33 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122143356.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114142047.htm Engineers have created an electrode for lithium-ion batteries that allows the rechargeable batteries to hold a charge up to 10 times greater than current technology. The batteries also can charge 10 times faster than current batteries. The researchers combined two chemical engineering approaches to address two major battery limitations -- energy capacity and charge rate -- in one fell swoop. The technology could pave the way for better batteries for cellphones, iPods and electric cars. Mon, 14 Nov 2011 14:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114142047.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111109143017.htm American energy use went back up in 2010 compared to 2009, when consumption was at a 12-year low. The United States used more fossil fuels in 2010 than in 2009, while renewable electricity remained approximately constant, with an increase in wind power offset by a modest decline in hydroelectricity. There also was a significant increase in biomass consumption, according to the most recent energy flow charts. Wed, 09 Nov 2011 14:30:30 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111109143017.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111108133045.htm Fuel made from wood could become a competitive commercial alternative to fuel made from corn by 2020 if the wood biofuel industry is supported, according to a new study. Tue, 08 Nov 2011 13:30:30 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111108133045.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103120448.htm Researchers have developed a technology that combines the conventional fuel used in today's power plants with the lower pressures and temperatures of steam produced by solar power. His new "hybrid" power plant is a potentially cost-effective and realistic way to integrate solar technology into existing power plants. Thu, 03 Nov 2011 12:04:04 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111103120448.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111028105033.htm A team of researchers has found one of the most effective catalysts ever discovered for splitting oxygen atoms from water molecules -- a key reaction for advanced energy-storage systems, including electrolyzers, to produce hydrogen fuel and rechargeable batteries. This new catalyst liberates oxygen at more than 10 times the rate of the best previously known catalyst of its type. Fri, 28 Oct 2011 10:50:50 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111028105033.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111021125521.htm Researchers have developed a new concept for rechargeable batteries. Based on a fluoride shuttle -- the transfer of fluoride anions between the electrodes -- it promises to enhance the storage capacity reached by lithium-ion batteries by several factors. Operational safety is also increased, as it can be done without lithium. Fri, 21 Oct 2011 12:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111021125521.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111020105920.htm Engineers have made an electrochemical cell that uses a plasma for an electrode, instead of solid pieces of metal. The technology may open new pathways for battery and fuel cell design and manufacturing, making hydrogen fuel and synthesizing nanomaterials and polymers. Thu, 20 Oct 2011 10:59:59 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111020105920.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111018084402.htm Researchers in Finland have achieved good results in using waste and other excess products from industry to develop new and innovative fuels for transport. The researchers have studied the processing of both biobutanol and biogas into transport fuels. Tue, 18 Oct 2011 08:44:44 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111018084402.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111017102604.htm Engineers have been inspired by nature. To fill the porous electrodes of lithium-ion batteries more rapidly with liquid electrolyte, they are using a physico-chemical effect that also provides for transport in trees. The new process increases the throughput of battery production and reduces investment costs. Mon, 17 Oct 2011 10:26:26 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111017102604.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111006162537.htm Scientists have overcome one major obstacle to artificial photosynthesis, a promising technology that simultaneously reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide and produces fuel. They have now used an ionic liquid to catalyze the conversion of CO₂ to CO, the first step in making fuel, greatly reducing the energy required to drive the process. Thu, 06 Oct 2011 16:25:25 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111006162537.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111004121301.htm It is unlikely the United States will meet some specific biofuel mandates under the current Renewable Fuel Standard by 2022 unless innovative technologies are developed or policies change. Tue, 04 Oct 2011 12:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111004121301.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110929122852.htm Researchers have demonstrated that the size of a metal alloy nanoparticle influences the speed with which hydrogen gas is released when stored in a metal hydride. The smaller the size of the nanoparticle, the greater the speed at which the hydrogen gas makes its way to the fuel cell. Thu, 29 Sep 2011 12:28:28 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110929122852.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110928185909.htm Nanometer-sized bubbles containing the gases hydrogen and oxygen can apparently combust spontaneously, although nothing happens in larger bubbles. For the first time, researchers have demonstrated this spontaneous combustion. They intend to use the phenomenon to construct a compact ultrasonic loudspeaker. Wed, 28 Sep 2011 18:59:59 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110928185909.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110923105508.htm Lithium-ion batteries power everything from smart phones to electric cars, but especially when it comes to lowering the cost and extending the range of all-electric vehicles, they need to store a lot more energy. The critical component for energy storage is the anode, and scientists have developed a new anode material that can absorb eight times the lithium and has far greater energy capacity than today's designs. Fri, 23 Sep 2011 10:55:55 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110923105508.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110922093721.htm A new study has shed light on a class of heterometallic molecular structures whose unique features point the way to breakthroughs in the development of lightweight fuel cell technology. The structures contain a previously-unexplored combination of rare-earth and d-transition metals ideally suited to the compact storage of hydrogen. Thu, 22 Sep 2011 09:37:37 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110922093721.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110919151317.htm A grain of salt or two may be all that microbial electrolysis cells need to produce hydrogen from wastewater or organic byproducts, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere or using grid electricity, according to engineers. Mon, 19 Sep 2011 15:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110919151317.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110908145104.htm By looking to Mother Nature for solutions, researchers have identified a promising new binder material for lithium-ion battery electrodes that could not only boost energy storage, but also eliminate the use of toxic compounds now used in manufacturing the components. Known as alginate, the material is extracted from common, fast-growing brown algae. Thu, 08 Sep 2011 14:51:51 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110908145104.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110907104657.htm Scientists are reporting development of a new genre of an electrolyte system for solar cells that breaks the double-digit barrier in the efficiency with which the devices convert sunlight into electricity. Wed, 07 Sep 2011 10:46:46 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110907104657.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110906144558.htm Researchers have unraveled the mystery of how microbes generate electricity while cleaning up nuclear waste and other toxic metals. The implications could eventually benefit sites forever changed by nuclear contamination. Tue, 06 Sep 2011 14:45:45 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110906144558.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831115812.htm Scientists have a new approach to the problem of safely storing hydrogen in future fuel-cell powered cars -- molecular scale 'veins' of iron permeating grains of magnesium like a network of capillaries. Wed, 31 Aug 2011 11:58:58 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831115812.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831093919.htm Researchers have been operating a canal boat with a fuel cell drive for three years now. In the world of shipbuilding, however, different rules apply than those in the automobile manufacturing industries. Weight is of practically no significance, but the propulsion plant must have an operating lifetime as long as that of the boat itself. The hydride storage system -- the hydrogen tank -- must meet this challenging requirement. Wed, 31 Aug 2011 09:39:39 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831093919.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110830151234.htm A team of scientists has developed a robust, efficient method of using hydrogen as a fuel source. Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:12:12 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110830151234.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110830151229.htm Using state-of-the-art theoretical computations, a team of scientists has determined that an alloy formed by a 2 percent substitution of antimony in gallium nitride has the right electrical properties to enable solar light energy to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The alloy functions as a catalyst in the photoelectrochemical electrolysis of water. Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:12:12 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110830151229.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110825105024.htm Here's one way that old-fashioned newsprint beats the Internet. Scientists have discovered a novel bacterial strain, dubbed "TU-103," that can use paper to produce butanol, a biofuel that can serve as a substitute for gasoline. They are currently experimenting with old editions of the Times Picayune, New Orleans' venerable daily newspaper, with great success. Thu, 25 Aug 2011 10:50:50 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110825105024.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110815162429.htm A novel microscopy method is helping scientists probe the reactions that limit widespread deployment of fuel cell technologies. Mon, 15 Aug 2011 16:24:24 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110815162429.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110811142803.htm Looking to nature for their muse, researchers have used a common protein to guide the design of a material that can make energy-storing hydrogen gas. The synthetic material works 10 times faster than the original protein found in water-dwelling microbes, the researchers clocking in at 100,000 molecules of hydrogen gas every second. Thu, 11 Aug 2011 14:28:28 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110811142803.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110810141253.htm Algae-based fuel is one of many options among the array of possible future energy sources. New research shows that while algae-based transportation fuels produce high energy output with minimal land use, their production could come with significant environmental burdens. Wed, 10 Aug 2011 14:12:12 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110810141253.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110810133118.htm Researchers have developed a new and improved iron-based catalyst capable of generating even more electric power in fuel cells for transportation applications. Previously, only platinum-based catalysts could produce similar performance. Wed, 10 Aug 2011 13:31:31 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110810133118.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110809132232.htm While roofs across the world sport photovoltaic solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity, an engineer believes a novel hybrid system can wring even more useful energy out of the sun's rays. Instead of systems based on standard solar panels, an engineer proposes a hybrid option in which sunlight heats a combination of water and methanol in a maze of glass tubes on a rooftop. After two catalytic reactions, the system produces hydrogen much more efficiently than current technology without significant impurities. The resulting hydrogen can be stored and used on demand in fuel cells. Tue, 09 Aug 2011 13:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110809132232.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110803111005.htm Combining biomass with carbon dioxide capture and storage could result in an annual global potential of up to 10 gigatonnes of negative CO2 emissions in the year 2050. Compared to the almost 31 gigatonnes of global energy-related CO2 emissions in 2010, this represents a huge CO2 emissions reduction potential. Wed, 03 Aug 2011 11:10:10 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110803111005.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110803102856.htm US production of ethanol for fuel has been rising quickly. Researchers now caution that ethanol, and especially the bacteria sometimes found in it, can dramatically degrade pipelines. Wed, 03 Aug 2011 10:28:28 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110803102856.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110803084121.htm Chemists have discovered a technique to track urban atmospheric plumes, thanks to a unique isotopic signature found in vehicle emissions. Wed, 03 Aug 2011 08:41:41 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110803084121.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110801142602.htm Turning graphite oxide (GO) into full-fledged supercapacitors turns out to be simple. But until a laboratory figured out how, it was anything but obvious. Mon, 01 Aug 2011 14:26:26 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110801142602.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110801095104.htm Researchers have developed a new catalyst material that could replace chemicals currently derived from petroleum and be the basis for more environmentally friendly products including octane-boosting gas and fuel additives, bio-based rubber for tires and a safer solvent for the chemicals industry. Mon, 01 Aug 2011 09:51:51 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110801095104.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110729175607.htm Scientists have packed an entire lithium ion energy storage device into a single nanowire. The researchers believe their creation is as small as such devices can possibly get, and could be valuable as a rechargeable power source for new generations of nanoelectronics. Fri, 29 Jul 2011 17:56:56 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110729175607.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110721112622.htm Researchers argue that regulatory innovations are needed to keep pace with technological innovations in the biofuels industry. Thu, 21 Jul 2011 11:26:26 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110721112622.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110719094025.htm Scientists are working to develop new technology for processing human waste without links to water, energy, or sewer lines, and at costs affordable to the poor in developing countries. Tue, 19 Jul 2011 09:40:40 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110719094025.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110711131153.htm A student team in the Netherlands has revealed its hydrogen-powered racing car. With this car, the students will be making their first appearance in Formula Student, a worldwide competition among 500 universities. The Delft DUT Racing Team will also be participating in the Formula Student race in the electric racing car they unveiled in June. Mon, 11 Jul 2011 13:11:11 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110711131153.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110706094331.htm Researchers have succeeded in providing evidence that a protein is capable of creating a water molecule chain for a few milliseconds for the directed proton transfer. The combination of vibrational spectroscopy and biomolecular simulations enabled the elucidation of the proton pump mechanism of a cell-membrane protein in atomic detail. The researchers demonstrated that protein-bound water molecules play a decisive role in the function. Wed, 06 Jul 2011 09:43:43 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110706094331.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110705071703.htm Scientists are working on how to use the energy of the Sun to make fuels, which could help to solve the world's escalating energy crisis. Tue, 05 Jul 2011 07:17:17 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110705071703.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110701083503.htm After Fukushima, it is now imperative to redefine what makes a successful nuclear power program -- from cradle to grave. If nuclear waste management is not thought out from the beginning, the public in many countries will reject nuclear power as an energy choice, according to new research. Fri, 01 Jul 2011 08:35:35 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110701083503.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110621173525.htm Researchers recently found a way to improve electricity generating fuel cells, potentially making them more efficient, powerful and less expensive. Specifically, they discovered a way to speed up the flow and filtering of water or ions, which are necessary for fuel cells to operate. Tue, 21 Jun 2011 17:35:35 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110621173525.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110621114140.htm Using barium oxide nanoparticles, researchers have developed a self-cleaning technique that could allow solid oxide fuel cells to be powered directly by coal gas at operating temperatures as low as 750 degrees Celsius. The technique could provide an alternative for generating electricity from the nation's vast coal reserves. Tue, 21 Jun 2011 11:41:41 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110621114140.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110615080217.htm Researchers are using nanotechnology to create new energy efficient materials. With the increasing worldwide demand for energy, there is a pressure to use the finite energy resources wisely while reducing one of the major areas of energy consumption -- transportation, which accounts for more than 20% of the world’s total primary energy and produces much of the world’s pollution. Wed, 15 Jun 2011 08:02:02 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110615080217.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110615062237.htm Cheap, much lighter than before and allowing for continuous operation – what traditional batteries can not offer – direct formic acid fuel cells can revolutionize the portable electronics market. A new catalyst will enable a widespread use of fuel cells, researchers say. Wed, 15 Jun 2011 06:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110615062237.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110610131912.htm With the completion of a successful prototype, engineers have made a major step toward addressing one of the leading problems in energy use around the world today -- the waste of half or more of the energy produced by cars, factories and power plants. New technology is being developed to capture and use the low-to-medium grade waste heat that's now going out the exhaust pipe of millions of automobiles, diesel generators, or being wasted by factories and electrical utilities. Fri, 10 Jun 2011 13:19:19 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110610131912.htm