http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/ultrasound/ Learn all about the nature of sound and ultrasonics. How does ultrasound work? What can be discovered through the use of ultrasound imaging? en-us Thu, 16 Feb 2012 01:05:02 EST Thu, 16 Feb 2012 01:05:02 EST 60 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/ultrasound/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120123175709.htm New research is adding to the arsenal of increasingly sophisticated medical imaging tools with a new signal-processing method for viewing muscle activation details never seen before. A novel method using ultrasound imaging, 3-D motion-capture technology and proprietary data-processing software can scan and capture 3-D maps of the muscle structure in just 90 seconds. Previous methods took 15 minutes -- far too long to ask people to hold a muscle contraction. Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:57:57 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120123175709.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130115816.htm The precise blending of tiny particles and multicolor dyes transforms gelatin into a realistic surrogate for human tissue. These tissue mimics, known as "phantoms," provide an accurate proving ground for new photoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging technologies. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 11:58:58 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130115816.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111117143959.htm Integrating a complex, single-crystal material with "giant" piezoelectric properties onto silicon, engineers and physicists can fabricate low-voltage, near-nanoscale electromechanical devices that could lead to improvements in high-resolution 3-D imaging, signal processing, communications, energy harvesting, sensing, and actuators for nanopositioning devices, among others. Thu, 17 Nov 2011 14:39:39 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111117143959.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114152358.htm A targeted, nanoparticle gelatin-based clot-busting treatment dissolved significantly more blood clots than a currently used drug in an animal study of acute coronary syndrome. Mon, 14 Nov 2011 15:23:23 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114152358.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114112240.htm Researchers are using a unique method to interpret and manipulate the pings and echoes that bats, dolphins, and mole rats use for learning about their environments and capturing their prey. With this knowledge, he's created mathematical models that may significantly improve the accuracy of existing medical and navigational technologies. Mon, 14 Nov 2011 11:22:22 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111114112240.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110919151313.htm Researchers have developed a new technique to reach neurons through the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs safely and noninvasively. Up until now, scientists thought long ultrasound pulses, which can inflict collateral damage, were required. This new study shows that extremely short pulses of ultrasound waves can open the blood-brain barrier -- with the added advantages of safety and uniform molecular delivery -- and the molecule injected systemically could reach and highlight the targeted neurons noninvasively. Mon, 19 Sep 2011 15:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110919151313.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110913103115.htm By combining three previously unrelated imaging tools into one new device, scientists have proposed a new way to diagnose early-stage ovarian cancer in high-risk women through minimally invasive surgery. The new technique may be better than the current standard procedure of preemptively removing the ovaries. Tue, 13 Sep 2011 10:31:31 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110913103115.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110906085218.htm Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is an effective treatment for patients with malignant blood diseases. The composition and quality of the transplanted cells are crucial to the outcome. Researchers from Sweden have now developed a method to improve the quality of the transplanted cells using ultrasound for cell separation. Tue, 06 Sep 2011 08:52:52 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110906085218.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831115940.htm Researchers have created and tested miniature devices that are implanted in tumors to generate oxygen, boosting the killing power of radiation and chemotherapy. Wed, 31 Aug 2011 11:59:59 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831115940.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110817101953.htm Researchers have demonstrated for the first time that optical coherence tomography (OCT), a high resolution optical imaging technique that works by bouncing near-infrared laser light off biological tissue, can reliably distinguish between pancreatic cysts that are low-risk and high-risk for becoming malignant. Wed, 17 Aug 2011 10:19:19 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110817101953.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110804081607.htm Is there a hairline crack in the oak table? Was the window frame glued badly? Ultrasound thermography can reliably identify material defects during the production of wooden items. This allows rejects to be caught quickly and eliminated, and faulty goods to be repaired in good time. Thu, 04 Aug 2011 08:16:16 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110804081607.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110801120349.htm Researchers have developed a new imaging system that enables high-speed, three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of microscopic pre-cancerous changes in the esophagus or colon. The new system is based on an emerging technology called optical coherence tomography, which offers a way to see below the surface with 3-D, microscopic detail in ways that traditional screening methods can't. Mon, 01 Aug 2011 12:03:03 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110801120349.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110726132404.htm While many hotel rooms, recording studios, and even some homes are built with materials to help absorb or reflect sound, mechanisms to truly control the direction of sound waves are still in their infancy. However, researchers have now created the first tunable acoustic diode -- a device that allows acoustic information to travel only in one direction, at controllable frequencies. Tue, 26 Jul 2011 13:24:24 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110726132404.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110622125708.htm Medical researchers have devised a new technique to spot cancerous tumors in the liver as small as 5 millimeters. The technique, using gold nanoparticles, is the first to deploy metal nanoparticles as agents to enhance X-ray scattering of image tumor-like masses. Wed, 22 Jun 2011 12:57:57 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110622125708.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110609173720.htm Researchers have developed a new type of imaging technology to diagnose cardiovascular disease and other disorders by measuring ultrasound signals from molecules exposed to a fast-pulsing laser. Thu, 09 Jun 2011 17:37:37 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110609173720.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110511134219.htm A new prostate-imaging technology that fuses MRI with real-time, three-dimensional ultrasound may offer a more exacting method to obtain biopsy specimens from suspicious areas within the organ. Wed, 11 May 2011 13:42:42 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110511134219.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110511101151.htm A new study exploring the efficacy of expensive and invasive CT scans has found that, in many cases, they don't offer a clinical advantage over a simple, inexpensive ultrasound procedure. Wed, 11 May 2011 10:11:11 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110511101151.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110427101407.htm Scientists are reporting development of a process for producing large quantities of a much-needed new imaging agent for computed tomography scans in heart disease, breast cancer and other diseases, and the first evidence that the material is safe for clinical use. The imaging agent is a tantalum oxide nanoparticle, which is inexpensive, and stays in the body long enough to image many different organs. Wed, 27 Apr 2011 10:14:14 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110427101407.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110413092845.htm For years, ultrasound has proven to be a valuable tool in non-destructive materials testing. However, the demands of modern production conditions are increasing all the time. Researchers have now developed a new, more reliable process that delivers testing results at a rate that is up to a hundredfold higher. Wed, 13 Apr 2011 09:28:28 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110413092845.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110405122334.htm A very simple bench-top technique that uses the force of acoustical waves to create a variety of 3-D structures will benefit the rapidly expanding field of metamaterials and their myriad applications -- including "invisibility cloaks." Tue, 05 Apr 2011 12:23:23 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110405122334.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110329095434.htm A medical device developed by retired US Navy sonar experts, using submarine technology, is a new paradigm for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of stroke, says a team of interventional radiologists. Tue, 29 Mar 2011 09:54:54 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110329095434.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110307142226.htm Steel walls are no match for one doctoral student. He has developed and demonstrated an innovative new system that uses ultrasound to simultaneously transmit large quantities of data and power wirelessly through thick metal walls, like the hulls of ships and submarines. Mon, 07 Mar 2011 14:22:22 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110307142226.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110303132314.htm New research holds the promise of becoming a powerful new weapon in the fight against breast cancer. His complex computational research has led to a fast, inexpensive new method for using ultrasound and advanced algorithms to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors with a high degree of accuracy. Thu, 03 Mar 2011 13:23:23 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110303132314.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110223171247.htm Clinicians have often referred to ultrasound technology as the "stethoscope of the future," predicting that as the equipment shrinks in size, it will one day be as common at the bedside as that trusty tool around every physician's neck. According to a new report, that day has arrived. Wed, 23 Feb 2011 17:12:12 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110223171247.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217095827.htm A unique strategy developed by researchers in the UK is opening up new possibilities for improving medical imaging. Medical imaging often requires getting unnatural materials such as metal ions into cells, a process which is a major challenge across a range of biomedical disciplines. One technique currently used is called the 'Trojan Horse' in which the drug or imaging agent is attached to something naturally taken up by cells. Thu, 17 Feb 2011 09:58:58 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217095827.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110216185357.htm Biopsies using ultrasound fusion imaging for detecting bone and soft tissue cancers are safe, effective and just as accurate as conventional biopsy methods, according to a new study. Wed, 16 Feb 2011 18:53:53 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110216185357.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110211114327.htm Focusing light into a scattering medium such as tissue has been a dream since the beginning of biomedical optics. Previous techniques allowed light to be focused only within a millimeter of the skin. Now a scientist has invented a technique called TRUE that uses an ultrasound guide star to allow scattered optical light be focused deep within tissue. Fri, 11 Feb 2011 11:43:43 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110211114327.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110105152004.htm Researchers have demonstrated an acoustic cloak, a technology that renders underwater objects invisible to sonar and other ultrasound waves. They have developed a working prototype, metamaterial capable of hiding an object from a broad range of sound waves. Sixteen layers of specially structured acoustic circuits bend sound waves to wrap them around the outer layers of the cloak. Wed, 05 Jan 2011 15:20:20 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110105152004.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101117104502.htm Scientists have developed a new kind of underwater sonar device that can detect objects through bubble clouds that would effectively blind standard sonar. Wed, 17 Nov 2010 10:45:45 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101117104502.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101110091118.htm A new copper "metamaterial" can overcome some of the limitations of acoustic microscopes and imagers, including ultrasound imagers. Researchers have designed and built a metamaterial that improves the picture quality of sonography by a factor of 50. The material, composed of copper tubes, resonantly channels evanescent acoustic waves to a detector, capturing more detail than is carried by propagating sound waves. Wed, 10 Nov 2010 09:11:11 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101110091118.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101018152203.htm NASA software used to enhance Earth Science Imagery could one day aid in the interpretation of mammograms, ultrasounds and other medical imagery. Mon, 18 Oct 2010 15:22:22 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101018152203.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101004112145.htm Materials engineers reveal the potential of a new artificial material to replace lead-based ceramics in countless electronic devices, ranging from inkjet printers and digital cameras to hospital ultrasound scanners and diesel fuel injectors. This may pave the way toward 100-percent lead-free electronics. Mon, 04 Oct 2010 11:21:21 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101004112145.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100826205340.htm An existing surgical robot could be used to perform complex regional anesthesia procedures -- in theory, allowing expert anesthesiologists to perform robot-assisted procedures from remote locations, according to a new study. Thu, 26 Aug 2010 20:53:53 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100826205340.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100825131554.htm An estimated 70 percent of heavy metals in US landfills come from discarded electronics, and as big screen TVs get less expensive, environmental costs continue to mount. To remedy this, researchers are applying organic nano-technology to "green" the optics and electronics industry. Their technology could make flat screen TV production more environmentally friendly and can even make medical devices more sensitive. Wed, 25 Aug 2010 13:15:15 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100825131554.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100816110419.htm Scientists have built the world's smallest ultrasonic transducers capable of generating and detecting ultrasound. Mon, 16 Aug 2010 11:04:04 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100816110419.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100727112831.htm By combining a nanoparticle's magnetic and thermal properties, researchers have created a new technique that virtually eliminates the background noise from non-radioactive medical imaging. Tue, 27 Jul 2010 11:28:28 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100727112831.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100720131856.htm Feasibility studies conducted by bioengineers have demonstrated that a robot -- without any human assistance -- can locate a man-made, or phantom, lesion in simulated human organs, guide a device to the lesion and take multiple samples during a single session. Tue, 20 Jul 2010 13:18:18 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100720131856.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100628124819.htm A new way to deliver cancer drugs using gas bubbles and sound waves is being developed. The project will enable highly toxic drugs to be delivered in small doses directly to tumors, where their toxicity can safely be put to good use. If successful, the technique could easily be adapted for other diseases. Mon, 28 Jun 2010 12:48:48 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100628124819.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100527101508.htm New research shows low-intensity ultrasound stimulation would be able to enhance the survival of implanted tissue graft, which could vastly increase the rates of success of a broad range of tissue-graft therapies. Thu, 27 May 2010 10:15:15 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100527101508.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100504142106.htm Just as cameras and televisions have been reinvented in the last decade with improved optics, sharpness and brightness, so have the tiny imaging scopes that physicians use to peer into the body's nooks and crannies -- its organs and digestive system. Tue, 04 May 2010 14:21:21 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100504142106.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100502173451.htm Researchers have developed an automated 3-D mapping and labeling system that reduces scan time and improves the work flow, efficiency, and accuracy of routine freehand ultrasound exams, according to a new study. Sun, 02 May 2010 17:34:34 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100502173451.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100421172602.htm Taking inspiration from a popular executive toy ("Newton's cradle"), researchers have built a device -- called a nonlinear acoustic lens -- that produces highly focused, high-amplitude acoustic signals dubbed "sound bullets." The acoustic lens and its sound bullets (which can exist in fluids--like air and water--as well as in solids) have the potential to revolutionize applications from medical imaging and therapy to the nondestructive evaluation of materials and engineering systems. Wed, 21 Apr 2010 17:26:26 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100421172602.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100412121024.htm A physics professor sees the use of terahertz rays as a critical technology in the defense against suicide bombers and other terrorist activities. He recently described experimental results from a digital video camera invented in their laboratory that uses a terahertz imaging system. One day such a device could be used to scan airport passengers quickly and efficiently. Mon, 12 Apr 2010 12:10:10 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100412121024.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100316101358.htm Bone marrow stem cells suspended in X-ray-visible microbubbles dramatically improve the body's ability to build new blood vessels in the upper leg -- providing a potential future treatment for those with peripheral arterial disease or PAD, say researchers. Tue, 16 Mar 2010 10:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100316101358.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100316101347.htm Interventional radiologists have opened the door to an encouraging potential future treatment for the nearly 200,000 women who are diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States each year: image-guided, multiprobe cryotherapy. In the first reported study, researchers were able to successfully freeze breast cancer in patients who refused surgery; the women did not have to undergo surgery after treatment to ensure that tumors had been killed. Tue, 16 Mar 2010 10:13:13 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100316101347.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100315103808.htm There's a new interventional radiology tool showing promise in the treatment of uterine fibroids: magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), a minimally invasive treatment that uses high-energy ultrasound waves to generate heat at a specific point to destroy uterine fibroid tissue and relieve symptoms. Mon, 15 Mar 2010 10:38:38 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100315103808.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100301102751.htm An imaging technique combining ultrasound and specially modified contrast agents may allow researchers to noninvasively detect cancer and show its progression. The technique enables researchers to visualize tumor activity at the molecular level. Mon, 01 Mar 2010 10:27:27 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100301102751.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100223174604.htm Researchers are studying how photoacoustics, or a laser-induced ultrasound, could help scientists locate the general area of the lymph node where melanoma cells could be residing. This new technology could help doctors identify the stage of melanoma with more accuracy. Tue, 23 Feb 2010 17:46:46 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100223174604.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100203111628.htm The water content of leaves, their thickness, their density and other properties can now be determined without even having to touch them. Researchers in Spain have presented an innovative technique that enables plant leaves to be studied using ultrasound in a quick, simple and noninvasive fashion. Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:16:16 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100203111628.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100126091729.htm A new technique to catch cancer early has taken an important step forward thanks to the UK's National Physical Laboratory. NPL's "phantoms" will ensure an exciting new screening technique can be relied upon by hospitals to identify early signs of cancer. Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:17:17 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100126091729.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091130084716.htm Elastography is an effective, convenient technique that, when added to breast ultrasound, helps distinguish cancerous breast lesions from benign results, according to an ongoing study. Mon, 30 Nov 2009 08:47:47 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091130084716.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091025162530.htm Researchers have developed the world's first acoustic hyperlens, a device that provides an eightfold boost in the magnification power of ultrasound, underwater sonar and other sound-based imaging technologies. Sun, 25 Oct 2009 16:25:25 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091025162530.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090923105817.htm Every year European roads are built and repaired to the tune of several billion Euros. Intensive efforts are underway all over the world to get 'more road for your money' by developing better methods for both design and quality control of materials. One problem is that today there are no good methods for checking how robustly and safely the roads were built. Therefore they often don't last as long as they were supposed to and more money has to go to road construction. But now a young scientist has developed a method where sound waves can reveal what a road looks like underneath and thereby show whether it is being properly built. Wed, 23 Sep 2009 10:58:58 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090923105817.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090904165241.htm Scientists are developing a new technology for use in underwater acoustics. The new technology uses flashes of laser light to remotely create underwater sound. The new acoustic source has the potential to expand and improve both Naval and commercial underwater acoustic applications, including undersea communications, navigation and acoustic imaging. Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:52:52 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090904165241.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/07/090731090013.htm A new chemical imaging technique could one day help in the fight against atherosclerosis, suggests new research. Atherosclerosis is the disease underlying most heart attacks and strokes and it is characterized by lesions in the arteries, made of fats, collagen and cells. Fri, 31 Jul 2009 09:00:00 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/07/090731090013.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090630132013.htm Researchers are using a combination of light and ultrasound to visualize fluorescent proteins that are seated several centimeters deep into living tissue. Tue, 30 Jun 2009 13:20:20 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090630132013.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090624153116.htm Scientists have created the world's first acoustic "superlens," an innovation that could have practical implications for high-resolution ultrasound imaging, non-destructive structural testing of buildings and bridges, and novel underwater stealth technology. Wed, 24 Jun 2009 15:31:31 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090624153116.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090618125037.htm Bioengineers have developed a laboratory robot that can successfully locate tiny pieces of metal within flesh and guide a needle to its exact location --- all without the need for human assistance. Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:50:50 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090618125037.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090605112331.htm Ultrasound examination of the carotid artery is a patient-friendly and inexpensive method for assessing atherosclerosis and thereby predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Researchers have now developed new analytical methods for ultrasound images that can provide more reliable and more exact assessments of atherosclerosis. Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:23:23 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090605112331.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090602134943.htm Revolutionary ultrasonic nanotechnology that could allow scientists to see inside a patient’s individual cells to help diagnose serious illnesses is under development. Tue, 02 Jun 2009 13:49:49 EDT http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090602134943.htm