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Why malaria mosquitoes like people with malaria

Date:
February 9, 2017
Source:
Stockholm University
Summary:
Malaria mosquitoes prefer to feed -- and feed more -- on blood from people infected with malaria. Researchers have now discovered why. The findings can lead to new ways to fight malaria without using poisonous chemicals.
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Malaria mosquitoes prefer to feed -- and feed more -- on blood from people infected with malaria. Researchers from Stockholm University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and KTH Royal Institute of Technology have discovered why. The findings can lead to new ways to fight malaria without using poisonous chemicals. The results will be published in the next issue of the journal Science.

"The malaria parasite produces a molecule, HMBPP, which stimulates the human red blood cells to release more carbon dioxide and volatile compounds with an irresistible smell to malaria mosquitoes. The mosquito also eats more blood," says Ingrid Faye at Stockholm University.Ingrid Faye and her colleagues from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and KTH Royal Institute of Technology discovered that most malaria mosquitoes, were attracted by HMBPP-blood, even at very low concentrations.

The mosquitoes are also attracted more quickly and drink more blood. Moreover, these mosquitoes acquire a more severe malaria infection, i.e. higher numbers of parasites are produced. This indicates that the extra nutrients from the larger meal of blood are used to produce more parasites, researchers believe. Neither humans nor mosquitoes use HMBPP themselves, but the parasite needs the substance to be able to grow."HMBPP is a way for the malaria parasite to hail a cab, a mosquito, and successfully transfer to the next host," Noushin Emami explains. She has worked over three years in the project and has performed a large part of the complicated practical work with the parasites and the mosquitoes at Stockholm University and at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Alnarp.

"This seems to be a well-functioning system, developed over millions of years, which means that the malaria parasite can survive and spread to more people without killing the hosts," says Ingrid Faye at Stockholm University.

These results may be useful in combatting malaria. Today the most efficient way is to use mosquito nets and insecticides to prevent people being bitten. Resistance against the insecticides require new control methods to be developed to tackle the mosquitoes. In addition, medicines, even the drug awarded with the 2015 Nobel Prize, become progressively inefficient when the parasite becomes resistant to them and new drugs must be developed constantly. A vaccine seems far away, Ingrid Faye says. A major step forward in the fight against malaria would be to create a trap that uses the parasite's own system for attracting malaria mosquitoes.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Stockholm University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. S. Noushin Emami, Bo G. Lindberg, Susanna Hua, Sharon Hill, Raimondas Mozuraitis, Philipp Lehmann, Göran Birgersson, Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson, Rickard Ignell, Ingrid Faye. A key malaria metabolite modulates vector blood seeking, feeding, and susceptibility to infection. Science, 2017 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4563

Cite This Page:

Stockholm University. "Why malaria mosquitoes like people with malaria." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 9 February 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170209142640.htm>.
Stockholm University. (2017, February 9). Why malaria mosquitoes like people with malaria. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 27, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170209142640.htm
Stockholm University. "Why malaria mosquitoes like people with malaria." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170209142640.htm (accessed March 27, 2024).

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