Preteens who steal, destroy property, fight and bully are six times as likely to sell illicit drugs, nine times as likely to join a gang, 11 times as likely to carry a weapon and eight times as likely to be arrested as a future teenager, according to principle author, Éric Lacourse, a researcher at the Groupe de recherche sur l'inadaptation psychosociale chez l'enfant (GRIP) at the Université de Montréal.

"At ages 12 and 13, the behaviors that lead to delinquency are well documented," says Lacourse. "However, intervention programs are mostly targeted to younger children and very little help is available for kids preteens."

Two-year study

The study examined three groups of 12 and 13-year-old Canadian kids over a span of two years. The group consisted of 4,125 test-subjects who were classified according to precise symptoms of conduct disorders.

"Children with conduct disorders who are not violent are also more likely to adopt serious delinquent behaviors as teenagers," says Lacourse. "More specifically, this group is three times as likely to sell illicit drugs, four times as likely to join a gang, and three times as likely to mug someone using a weapon."

Lacourse believes the definition of conduct disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) should be reviewed. Currently, it defines the disorder as a combination of any three symptoms on a list of 15. "The list is partly deficient because it doesn't apply to all cases," says Lacourse. "And it's also partly wieldy because it allows for 30,000 possible combinations."

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

• Child Psychology
• Psychiatry
• Child Development

• Conflict
• Popular Culture

• Substance abuse
• Pyromania
• Psychopathology
• Antisocial personality disorder
• Adult attention-deficit disorder
• Personality disorder