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Brain-like computing a step closer to reality

Date:
June 24, 2011
Source:
University of Exeter
Summary:
The development of 'brain-like' computers has taken a major step forward. A new study involved the first ever demonstration of simultaneous information processing and storage using phase-change materials. This new technique could revolutionize computing by making computers faster and more energy-efficient, as well as making them more closely resemble biological systems.
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The development of 'brain-like' computers has taken a major step forward with the publication of research led by the University of Exeter.

Published in the journal Advanced Materials, the study involved the first ever demonstration of simultaneous information processing and storage using phase-change materials. This new technique could revolutionize computing by making computers faster and more energy-efficient, as well as making them more closely resemble biological systems.

Computers currently deal with processing and memory separately, resulting in a speed and power 'bottleneck' caused by the need to continually move data around. This is totally unlike anything in biology, for example in human brains, where no real distinction is made between memory and computation. To perform these two functions simultaneously the University of Exeter research team used phase-change materials, a kind of semi-conductor that exhibits remarkable properties.

Their study demonstrates conclusively that phase-change materials can store and process information simultaneously. It also shows experimentally for the first time that they can perform general-purpose computing operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. More strikingly perhaps it shows that phase-change materials can be used to make artificial neurons and synapses. This means that an artificial system made entirely from phase-change devices could potentially learn and process information in a similar way to our own brains.

Lead author Professor David Wright of the University of Exeter said: "Our findings have major implications for the development of entirely new forms of computing, including 'brain-like' computers. We have uncovered a technique for potentially developing new forms of 'brain-like' computer systems that could learn, adapt and change over time. This is something that researchers have been striving for over many years."

This study focused on the performance of a single phase-change cell. The next stage in Exeter's research will be to build systems of interconnected cells that can learn to perform simple tasks, such as identification of certain objects and patterns.

This research was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Exeter. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. C. David Wright, Yanwei Liu, Krisztian I. Kohary, Mustafa M. Aziz, Robert J. Hicken. Arithmetic and Biologically-Inspired Computing Using Phase-Change Materials. Advanced Materials, 2011; DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101060

Cite This Page:

University of Exeter. "Brain-like computing a step closer to reality." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 24 June 2011. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110623130736.htm>.
University of Exeter. (2011, June 24). Brain-like computing a step closer to reality. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 18, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110623130736.htm
University of Exeter. "Brain-like computing a step closer to reality." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110623130736.htm (accessed March 18, 2024).

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