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Deep freeze in the Great Lakes: Lakes nearly frozen completely for first time in 20 years

Date:
February 19, 2014
Source:
Michigan Technological University
Summary:
Lake Superior is more than 90 percent iced over, and experts say it may be covered completely before winter's end. Someone has proposed a hike across Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron and Lake Erie are 95 percent frozen. But even without 100 percent ice cover, the icy lakes are having a major effect on the environment around them, from contributing to weather patterns and temperatures, to changing the fish stock within them.
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Lake Superior is more than 90 percent iced over, and experts say there's a possibility it will be covered completely before winter's end for the first time in nearly 20 years. Someone has proposed a hike across Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron and Lake Erie are 95 percent frozen.

But even without 100 percent ice cover, the icy lakes are having a major effect on the environment around them.

"The biggest impact we'll see is shutting down the lake effect snow," said Guy Meadows, director of Michigan Technological University's Great Lakes Research Center in Houghton, on Michigan's snowy Upper Peninsula. Lake effect snow occurs when weather systems from the north and west pick up evaporating lake water that's warmer than the air, then drop it as snow after reaching land, he explained. An ice cover prevents that evaporation.

Ice on the Great Lakes can also contribute to more frigid temperatures, Meadows noted, because the warmer lake water won't have the chance to moderate the temperatures of those same northerly weather systems the way it usually does.

If there the weather is cold and calm, the ice can grow fairly quickly, because the water temperature is near the freezing point. However, strong winds can break up ice that's already formed, pushing it into open water and piling it vertically both above and below the water line.

The Soo Locks are currently closed for the winter, and all shipping on Lake Superior has halted, but ice buildups can cause problems in the spring. Even icebreaker ships can't do much about ice buildup that can be as much as 25 or 30 feet deep..

The ice can also have positive effects though. Lake Superior's whitefish and some other fish, for example, need ice cover to protect their spawning beds from winter storms. Heavy ice, therefore, should lead to good fishing.

Meadows said invasive nuisance species have been thriving at the bottom of Lake Superior in recent years largely because of warmer temperatures, so "cooling things back down will be a good thing in that sense."


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Materials provided by Michigan Technological University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Cite This Page:

Michigan Technological University. "Deep freeze in the Great Lakes: Lakes nearly frozen completely for first time in 20 years." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 February 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140219075111.htm>.
Michigan Technological University. (2014, February 19). Deep freeze in the Great Lakes: Lakes nearly frozen completely for first time in 20 years. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 18, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140219075111.htm
Michigan Technological University. "Deep freeze in the Great Lakes: Lakes nearly frozen completely for first time in 20 years." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140219075111.htm (accessed March 18, 2024).

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