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Dopamine helps with math rules as well as mood

Date:
December 5, 2014
Source:
Universitaet Tübingen
Summary:
Rule-applying neurons work better under the influence of the happy hormone, researchers have found. The chemical messenger dopamine – otherwise known as the happiness hormone – is important not only for motivation and motor skills. It seems it can also help neurons with difficult cognitive tasks, they report.
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The chemical messenger dopamine – otherwise known as the happiness hormone – is important not only for motivation and motor skills. It seems it can also help neurons with difficult cognitive tasks. Torben Ott, Simon Jacob and Professor Andreas Nieder of Tübingen’s Institute for Neurobiology have demonstrated for the first time how dopamine influences brain cells while processing rules. The research is published in the early online edition of Neuron.

The effects of dopamine become very clear when the brain gets too little of it, as is the case with Parkinson’s disease. A dopamine imbalance leads to varied neurological disruptions – particularly movement – but also mental abilities. Our key cognitive center, the prefrontal cortex, which we use for abstract thought, rule-based decisions and logical conclusions, is intensively supplied with dopamine. Despite its major medical significance, we know little about dopamine’s effects on information processing by neurons in the healthy brain.

To test this, the researchers trained rhesus monkeys to solve “greater than” and “less than” math problems. From other recent studies, the researchers knew that certain neurons in the prefrontal cortex answer such questions – one half of these “rule cells” was only activated when the “greater than” rule applied, and the other half was only activated when the “less than” rule applied.

Meanwhile, physiologically small amounts of various substances were being discharged near the relevant cells. These substances can have the same effect as dopamine – or the opposite effect – and could be adsorbed by dopamine-sensitive neurons. The surprising result was that stimulation of the dopamine system allowed the “rule cells” to perform better and to more clearly distinguish between the “greater than” and “less than” rules. Dopamine had a positive effect on the “rule cells’” quality of work.

The study provides new insight into how dopamine influences abstract thought processes needed, for instance, to apply simple mathematical rules. “With these findings, we are just starting to understand how nerve cells in the prefrontal cortex produce complex, goal-directed behavior,” says Ott. Along with a better understanding of the foundations of information processing in this important part of the brain, the results could have medical significance. “These new insights help us to better interpret the effects of certain medicines which may be used for instance in cases of severe psychological disturbance,” says Professor Nieder, “because such medications influence the dopamine balance in the prefrontal cortex in ways we do not understand well to date.”


Story Source:

Materials provided by Universitaet Tübingen. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Torben Ott, Simon Nikolas Jacob, Andreas Nieder. Dopamine Receptors Differentially Enhance Rule Coding in Primate Prefrontal Cortex Neurons. Neuron, 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.11.012

Cite This Page:

Universitaet Tübingen. "Dopamine helps with math rules as well as mood." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 5 December 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141205093831.htm>.
Universitaet Tübingen. (2014, December 5). Dopamine helps with math rules as well as mood. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 18, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141205093831.htm
Universitaet Tübingen. "Dopamine helps with math rules as well as mood." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141205093831.htm (accessed March 18, 2024).

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