As collegiate esports become more professional, women are being left out

"Five years ago, we thought collegiate esports might be an opportunity to create a welcoming, diverse competitive arena, which was a big deal given how male-dominated the professional esports scene was," says Nick Taylor, co-author of the study and an associate professor of communication at NC State. "Rapid growth of collegiate esports over the past five years has led to it becoming more professional, with many universities having paid esports positions, recruiting players, and so on. We wanted to see how that professionalization has affected collegiate esports and what that means for gender diversity. The findings did not give us reason to be optimistic."

For this qualitative study, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 21 collegiate esports leaders from the U.S. and Canada. Eight of the study participants were involved in varsity-level esports, such as coaches or administrators, while the remaining 13 participants were presidents of collegiate esports clubs. Six of the participants identified as women; 15 identified as men.

"Essentially, we found that women are effectively pushed out of esports at many colleges when they start investing financial resources in esports programs," says Bryce Stout, co-author of the study and a Ph.D. student at NC State. "We thought collegiate esports might help to address the disenfranchisement of women in esports and in gaming more generally; instead, it seems to simply be an extension of that disenfranchisement."

"Higher education has been spending increasing amounts of time, money and effort on professionalizing esports programs," Taylor says. "With some key exceptions, these institutions are clearly not putting as much effort into encouraging diversity in these programs. That effectively cuts out women and minorities.

"Some leaders stress that they will welcome any player onto their team, as long as the player has a certain skill level," Taylor says. "But this ignores the systemic problems that effectively drive most women out of gaming -- such as harassment. There needs to be a focus on cultivating skill and developing players, rather than focusing exclusively on recruitment."