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BookmarkScienceDaily (Sep. 24, 2009) — Controlled release pills and capsules that show a tendency in the standard laboratory test toward "dose dumping" — releasing their medicine in a faster and potentially unsafe manner in patients who have consumed alcohol — should be withheld from the market until proven safe with testing in people.
That's the conclusion of a review of existing studies in the September-October issue of ACS' Molecular Pharmaceutics, a bi-monthly journal.
In the article, Hans Lennernäs analyzed the gastrointestinal factors that may contribute to dose dumping when a vulnerable formulation interacts with alcohol present in the stomach. However, these factors are highly variable and depend on individual drinking behavior, whether food is present in the stomach, and other circumstances. That makes it "almost impossible" to predict whether a patient will experience an overdose as a result of dose dumping.
Lennernäs thus concludes that when laboratory testing of a product indicates that the drug will be released more quickly than intended, the product also should be tested in humans, or it should be re-formulated. Indeed, Lennernäs believes that lab testing over a two hour period in a range of alcohol strengths is an "absolute minimum standard" in screening for dose dumping because products with a problem in the lab may also be dangerous to patients.
Lennernäs cites as an example a formulation of the pain medication hydromorphone, which was removed from the U.S. market when testing revealed that alcohol intake caused the risk of overdose. He noted, however, that there is currently a generic oxycodone product on the market in the European Union which will "most likely" lead to dose dumping in patients.
Story Source:
Adapted from materials provided by American Chemical Society, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
Journal Reference:
- Lennernäs et al. Ethanol−Drug Absorption Interaction: Potential for a Significant Effect on the Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Ethanol Vulnerable Formulations. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2009; 090826101328065 DOI: 10.1021/mp9000876
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
