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Epigenome of cardiac muscle cell mapped

Date:
October 28, 2014
Source:
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Summary:
Pharmacologists have succeeded in mapping the epigenome of cardiac muscle cells. They hope the findings will lead to new insights into the development of congenital heart defects and chronic heart failure. The epigenome is the totality of epigenetic mechanisms that decide which genes are active in a cell and which are not. Changes in internal or environmental conditions, such as nutrition, stress, or drugs, can leave behind epigenetic patterns. Such mechanisms play an important role in the development of cancer, but their significance for heart disease is as yet largely unknown.
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Freiburg pharmacologists have succeeded in mapping the epigenome of cardiac muscle cells. They hope the findings will lead to new insights into the development of congenital heart defects and chronic heart failure. The scientists published their findings in the journal Nature Communications.

The epigenome is the totality of epigenetic mechanisms that decide which genes are active in a cell and which are not. Changes in internal or environmental conditions, such as nutrition, stress, or drugs, can leave behind epigenetic patterns. Such mechanisms play an important role in the development of cancer, but their significance for heart disease is as yet largely unknown.

The heart accomplishes enormous feats during development and in the growth process after birth. It is the first organ to be formed in the growing embryo, and it continuously supplies the entire body with oxygen and nutrients. The nucleus of cardiac muscle cells assumes the central function to control the gene expression program.

A team led by Dr. Ralf Gilsbach and Prof. Dr. Lutz Hein has now developed a novel method for isolating nuclei of cardiac muscle cells from heart tissue consisting of various types of cells. The scientists applied the method of next generation DNA sequencing to the isolated nuclei to create high-resolution maps of DNA methylation -- one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms for the regulation of gene activity -- as well as further epigenetic markers of all of the genes. This enabled them to identify the epigenetic switches that trigger the switching of the cardiac gene program during birth and in the case of chronic cardiac failure. Now the researchers want to refine the method in order to also conduct epigenetic analyses on miniscule tissue biopsies, such as those taken during cardiac catheter examinations.


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Materials provided by Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Ralf Gilsbach, Sebastian Preissl, Björn A. Grüning, Tilman Schnick, Lukas Burger, Vladimir Benes, Andreas Würch, Ulrike Bönisch, Stefan Günther, Rolf Backofen, Bernd K. Fleischmann, Dirk Schübeler, Lutz Hein. Dynamic DNA methylation orchestrates cardiomyocyte development, maturation and disease. Nature Communications, 2014; 5: 5288 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6288

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Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. "Epigenome of cardiac muscle cell mapped." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 October 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082506.htm>.
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. (2014, October 28). Epigenome of cardiac muscle cell mapped. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082506.htm
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. "Epigenome of cardiac muscle cell mapped." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082506.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

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