The true frogs vary greatly in size, ranging from small, such as the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica), to the largest frog in the world, the Goliath Frog (Conraua goliath). Many of the true frogs are aquatic or habit close to water. Most species lay their eggs in the water and go through a tadpole stage. However, as with most families of frogs, there is large variation of habitat within the family. Those of the genus Tomopterna are burrowing frogs native to Africa. They exhibit most of the characteristics common to burrowing frogs around the world. There are also arboreal species of true frogs.

Typically, true frogs are smooth, moist-skinned frogs, with large, powerful legs and extensively webbed feet.