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BookmarkScienceDaily (June 23, 2003) — ARGONNE, Ill. (June 12, 2003) — Gammasphere, a nuclear physics instrument now at Argonne National Laboratory, plays a supporting role in the new science-fiction thriller "The Hulk."
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In the movie, Gammasphere bombards a scientist with radiation in a catastrophic accident, transforming him into a powerful green juggernaut. During the filming of the movie, Gammasphere was located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which plays the part of the Berkeley Institute for Nuclear Studies in the movie, but the detector has now been returned to Argonne and is back in operation.
In reality, Gammasphere is a mild-mannered instrument for detecting, not producing, gamma rays. It is the world's most sensitive gamma-ray "microscope," designed to help answer fundamental questions about the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei, and study rare and exotic nuclear processes. Much of the research conducted with Gammasphere concentrates on those forms of nuclei that contain large excesses of protons and neutrons.
The 10-foot-tall, 14-ton device is a silvery machined aluminum sphere about seven feet in diameter, pierced by 110 holes. Yard-long gamma-ray detectors fit through the holes, with their plunted tips converging near the center of the sphere.
The detectors are cooled to -320 degrees F (-196 degrees C) with liquid nitrogen — 200 gallons a day — to increase their sensitivity. Beams of ions from the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) strike a target in the center of Gammasphere, where some of the nuclei from the beam fuse with nuclei in the target.
The gamma rays produced by these interactions give scientists information about the structure and forces inside atomic nuclei. Physicists also hope to find out if isotopes with the most unusual neutron-to-proton ratios exhibit new characteristics that don't occur in stable nuclei.
Gammasphere is a national facility funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science.
The nation’s first national laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory conducts basic and applied scientific research across a wide spectrum of disciplines, ranging from high-energy physics to climatology and biotechnology. Since 1990, Argonne has worked with more than 600 companies and numerous federal agencies and other organizations to help advance America's scientific leadership and prepare the nation for the future. Argonne is operated by the University of Chicago as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's national laboratory system.
