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Estrogen worsens allergic reactions in mice

Date:
December 29, 2014
Source:
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Summary:
Estradiol, a type of estrogen, enhances the levels and activity in mice of an enzyme that drives life-threatening allergic reactions, according to researchers. The study results may help explain why women frequently experience more severe allergic reactions compared to men. Furthermore, the results reaffirm the importance of accounting for gender in the design of animal experiments.
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Estradiol, a type of estrogen, enhances the levels and activity in mice of an enzyme that drives life-threatening allergic reactions, according to researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The study results may help explain why women frequently experience more severe allergic reactions compared to men. Furthermore, the results reaffirm the importance of accounting for gender in the design of animal experiments.

Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction triggered by food, medication or insect stings and bites. Immune cells, particularly mast cells, release enzymes that cause tissues to swell and blood vessels to widen. As a result, skin may flush or develop a rash, and in extreme cases, breathing difficulties, shock or heart attack may occur. Clinical studies have shown that women tend to experience anaphylaxis more frequently than men, but why this difference exists is unclear.

In the current study, NIAID researchers found that female mice experience more severe and longer lasting anaphylactic reactions than males. Instead of targeting immune cells, estrogen influences blood vessels, enhancing the levels and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that causes some of the symptoms of anaphylaxis. When the researchers blocked eNOS activity, the gender disparity disappeared. In addition, giving estrogen-blocking treatments to female mice reduced the severity of their allergic responses to a level similar to those seen in males.

While the study has identified a clear role for estrogen and eNOS in driving severe anaphylactic reactions in female mice, more work is needed to see if the effects are similar in people and may be applied toward future preventive therapies.


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Materials provided by NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Valerie Hox, Avanti Desai, Geethani Bandara, Alasdair M. Gilfillan, Dean D. Metcalfe, Ana Olivera. Estrogen increases the severity of anaphylaxis in female mice through enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.003

Cite This Page:

NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. "Estrogen worsens allergic reactions in mice." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 29 December 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141229092558.htm>.
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2014, December 29). Estrogen worsens allergic reactions in mice. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 27, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141229092558.htm
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. "Estrogen worsens allergic reactions in mice." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141229092558.htm (accessed March 27, 2024).

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