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Bivalve family tree offers evolutionary clues

Date:
November 23, 2015
Source:
Florida State University
Summary:
Researchers have compiled the most complete look to date of the evolutionary family tree of cardiid bivalves. Bivavles include clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops and numerous other organisms living in both salt water and fresh water all over the world.
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Florida State University researchers, along with an international team of scientists, have put together the most complete look to date of the evolutionary family tree of cardiid bivalves, commonly known as cockles and clams.

"As scientists, we're trying to understand the history of life on earth," said Scott Steppan, professor of biological science at Florida State. "That is one of our greatest endeavors. I can't think of anything more innately human than understanding the history of life and where everything came from."

In the journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Steppan and former FSU graduate student Nathanael Herrera lay out the phylogeny -- or family tree -- of cardiid bivalves, with a specific look at how the shifting of continents millions of years ago affected the evolution of the species.

Bivavles include clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops and numerous other organisms living in both salt water and fresh water all over the world.

"Understanding their history is critical to understanding their present," Steppan said.

This is the most complete look of the cardiid phylogeny to date, but it only looks at about a third of them. Detailing the entire evolutionary history is exceptionally difficult because of the lack of good DNA records, so full ones exist for very few biological groups.

Part of the study included a look at how the continents shifted millions of years ago and how that affected evolutionary patterns. Researchers discovered that much of the diversification in this family was localized over the years. For example, one group was restricted to the European area instead of being widespread throughout the world as previously believed.

"By incorporating more complex paleogeographic models that are biologically more realistic, we are able to gain some insights into the historical processes that are responsible for generating the extraordinary diversity in the marine realm," said Herrera, who is now pursuing a doctorate at the University of Montana.

They also discovered that most species within the family Cardiidae needed to be re-classified. For example, for years, giant clams were their own family, but they are just super-large cockles, Steppan said. They are often as large as 400 pounds.

Part of the reason for constructing a bivalve family tree, Steppan said, was to prove that it could be a model organism for studying evolution. Similarly, corn is viewed as a model organism to understand plant genetics, and fruit flies are used to understand some human functions because they share 75 percent of the genes that cause disease.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Florida State University. Original written by Kathleen Haughney. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Nathanael D. Herrera, Jan Johan ter Poorten, Rüdiger Bieler, Paula M. Mikkelsen, Ellen E. Strong, David Jablonski, Scott J. Steppan. Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography amid shifting continents in the cockles and giant clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2015; 93: 94 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.013

Cite This Page:

Florida State University. "Bivalve family tree offers evolutionary clues." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 November 2015. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151123203112.htm>.
Florida State University. (2015, November 23). Bivalve family tree offers evolutionary clues. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 18, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151123203112.htm
Florida State University. "Bivalve family tree offers evolutionary clues." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151123203112.htm (accessed March 18, 2024).

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