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ShareOct. 26, 2010 — A team of researchers, led by Ashley Moffett, at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, has shed new light on genetic factors that increase susceptibility to and provide protection from common disorders of pregnancy, specifically recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction.
A key step in the initiation of a successful pregnancy is the invasion of the lining of the uterus by fetal cells known as trophoblasts, which become the main cell type of the placenta. Recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction are thought to result from inadequate trophoblast invasion of the uterus lining. Interactions between maternal cells known as uterine NK cells and fetal trophoblasts -- specifically interactions between HLA-C molecules on the fetal trophoblasts and KIRs on the maternal uterine NK cells -- are key to determining the extent of trophoblast invasion.
Previous data from Moffett's lab indicated that a particular combination of fetal HLA-C and maternal KIR was associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. In this study, the team has extended this correlation to recurrent miscarriage and fetal growth restriction. Furthermore, they have determined that the presence of other maternal KIRs that combine with the same HLA-C molecule provides protection against the same common disorders of pregnancy.
In an accompanying commentary, Peter Parham and Lisbeth Guethlein, at Stanford University, discuss the importance of these data and how they might explain distinct immune system gene expression patterns in different populations.
The research appears in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Journal of Clinical Investigation, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
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Journal References:
- Susan E. Hiby, Richard Apps, Andrew M. Sharkey, Lydia E. Farrell, Lucy Gardner, Arend Mulder, Frans H. Claas, James J. Walker, Christopher C. Redman, Linda Morgan, Clare Tower, Lesley Regan, Gudrun E. Moore, Mary Carrington, Ashley Moffett. Maternal activating KIRs protect against human reproductive failure mediated by fetal HLA-C2. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2010; DOI: 10.1172/JCI43998
- Peter Parham, Lisbeth A. Guethlein. Pregnancy immunogenetics: NK cell education in the womb? Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2010; DOI: 10.1172/JCI44559
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
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