Social and natural scientists have been looking back at the outbreak of Dutch Elm Disease that ravaged the UK in the 1970s and considering the implications for our natural heritage today.

Tree diseases that have already reached our shores in recent years include Phytophthora ramorum, also known as Sudden Oak Death, and the closely related Phyotophthora kernoviae. The team has concluded that these types of pathogens have the potential to kill large numbers of trees across a wide range of species, with serious consequences for heritage gardens, rural landscapes and the horticultural trade.

They have identified fundamental lessons that need to be learnt, and make some important recommendations for key groups involved in biosecurity.

In particular, they suggest that government agencies and third sector environmental groups could give more attention to the threat that invasive diseases pose to biodiversity, and use their influence to raise the awareness of both policymakers and the public. The latter would help to ensure that gardeners and tourists visiting gardens become more conscious of the dangers of cross-infection and the precautions that they should be taking.

Diseases tend to come into the UK via imported plants and the researchers say we need to acknowledge the difficult trade-offs that will need to be made between freer trade and effective biosecurity.

Dr Clive Potter from Imperial College London who led the research said: "European legislators have a part to play, as well as the UK Government and a wide range of stakeholders, in tackling this growing problem.

"There is a need for a more critical and interdisciplinary analysis of the underlying causes of the growing threat to biosecurity, and of conflicts between those advocating further market liberalisation in the context of the Single European Market and those arguing for restrictions on trade in the interests of biosecurity

"In a more general sense, we also need much more public debate about the threat from tree diseases in relation to other, better recognised environmental challenges like climate change.

"Valuation surveys from our research suggest a lack of public awareness and this translated into an unwillingness to pay for control measures. Public awareness needs to be raised, not only in order to establish a stronger sense of personal responsibility for preventing the spread of plant diseases, but also to elicit more support and a greater willingness to pay for any more restrictive measures and policies that may be necessary in the future if we are to avoid another epidemic like Dutch Elm Disease."

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

• Invasive Species
• Trees
• Nature

• Exotic Species
• Environmental Policy
• Environmental Issues

• Elm tree
• Transgenic plants
• Phytopathology
• Biological pest control
• Introduced species
• Shifting cultivation