New prognostic test for breast cancer could improve patient treatment

The findings, published in the British Journal of Cancer today, could significantly improve the way in which breast cancer patients are treated by giving clinicians more detailed information about a patient's breast cancer type and its likely behavior, which will help them create a more personalized treatment plan.

The research, funded by the Medical Research Council, was led by Professor Ian Ellis in The University of Nottingham's Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, in collaboration with colleagues at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and Nottingham Trent University's John van Geest Cancer Research Centre.

The current Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) was developed over 30 years ago and is a world-recognized tool used by clinicians treating patients with breast cancer to decide on the risk of the disease returning. However, breast cancer is now known to be a biologically complex disease and its various forms can have very different outcomes so the more information that doctors have about each patient's cancer, the better they can plan effective treatments. The new NPI+ test has been developed from the existing NPI by incorporating the measurement of 10 proteins (biomarkers) found in breast cancer cells. These biomarkers include ER and HER2, the two biomarkers currently tested for in clinics, but also others that are not currently tested.

This paper is a follow on from initial research published in the British Journal of Cancer in October last year in which the team described seven classes of breast cancer using those ten biomarkers. It has taken these seven classes of breast cancer and has incorporated other factors in order to develop the NPI+, which can be used in all breast cancer patients to give a more accurate prognosis than is currently available.

Professor Ian Ellis says "Using a panel of 10 biomarkers and other clinical information, we are able to categorize women with breast cancer into one of seven treatment-specific classes based on their personal cancer biology. We believe the categorization of women with breast cancer into more specific risk classes will deliver better targeting of relevant therapies, which will result in improved outcomes with reduced costs and less anxiety for the patient.

NPI+ will reduce uncertainty for clinicians and patients by removing a large number of patients with indeterminate prognosis and allow better-informed treatment decisions. In addition the ability to give survival prediction will be welcomed by concerned patients. Decisions can be made more quickly reducing waiting times and unnecessary consultation time."

The NPI+ test was developed using over 1,000 breast cancer samples and was shown to predict both patient survival and also those patients at risk of treatment failure which can help doctors to consider additional forms of treatment to improve survival. Importantly, the technology required to measure protein biomarkers in tumor samples is already in place in most pathology laboratories across the UK, whereas newly developed genetic profiling tests need to be sent to specialist laboratories, which brings additional costs and time delays.

It is anticipated with some further validation work that the NPI+ test could be ready for use in the clinic in as little as two years.