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YEATS protein potential therapeutic target for cancer

Date:
October 23, 2014
Source:
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Summary:
Federal Express and UPS are no match for the human body when it comes to distribution. There exists in cancer biology an impressive packaging and delivery system that influences whether your body will develop cancer or not, scientists say. Researchers have announced findings indicating a possible new way of manipulating chromatin and its histones through a protein reader known as the YEATS domain protein, providing new hope for cancer treatment.
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Federal Express® and UPS® are no match for the human body when it comes to distribution. There exists in cancer biology an impressive packaging and delivery system that influences whether your body will develop cancer or not.

One area of interest focuses on histones, the chief component of chromatin, a cluster of large molecules. Aberrations in chromatin are thought to lead to DNA damage such as with cancer. Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center announced findings indicating a possible new way of manipulating chromatin and its histones through a protein reader known as the YEATS domain protein. Protein readers attach to histone "tails" and play an important role in gene activation.

"Our findings indicate the importance of the YEATS domains as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer," said Xiaobing Shi, Ph.D., assistant professor of epigenetics and molecular carcinogenesis at MD Anderson. "We have identified YEATS as a novel 'reader' for histone acetylation.

Shi's findings are published in this month's issue of Cell.

When DNA wraps around histones much like baling twine on a spool, they form a larger collection of DNA-wrapped histones called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are further packaged into chromatin containing DNA, protein and RNA. Chromatin's role is to shrink DNA to fit into a cell thus preventing DNA damage and allowing healthy cell division through controlled gene expression. Certain histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation are critical to chromatin's performance.

"These histone modifications serve as docking sites for reader proteins which recognize specific modifications and influence downstream biological outcomes," said Shi. "Compared with a great variety of readers that have previously been identified for histone methylation, few reader proteins that recognize histone acetylation are known."

In other words, if the scanner doesn't recognize the barcode on your package, things can go terribly wrong. In the case of something as crucial as DNA packaging and delivery, it could mean cancer. A family of histone acetylation readers called bromodomain was discovered about a decade ago and was thought to be the sole "reader" for histone acetylation, until now.

"Earlier identification of potent inhibitors target bromodomain proteins has proved histone acetylation readers to be attractive therapeutic targets," said Shi. "Our findings add to this understanding by identifying the YEATS domains as yet another histone acetylation reader that we believe is connected to both healthy and potentially cancer-causing processes."


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Yuanyuan Li, Hong Wen, Yuanxin Xi, Kaori Tanaka, Haibo Wang, Danni Peng, Yongfeng Ren, Qihuang Jin, Sharon Y.R. Dent, Wei Li, Haitao Li, Xiaobing Shi. AF9 YEATS Domain Links Histone Acetylation to DOT1L-Mediated H3K79 Methylation. Cell, 2014; 159 (3): 558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.049

Cite This Page:

University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. "YEATS protein potential therapeutic target for cancer." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 October 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141023131705.htm>.
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. (2014, October 23). YEATS protein potential therapeutic target for cancer. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 18, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141023131705.htm
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. "YEATS protein potential therapeutic target for cancer." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141023131705.htm (accessed March 18, 2024).

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