New! Sign up for our free email newsletter.
Science News
from research organizations

Key to aging? Key molecular switch for telomere extension by telomerase identified

Date:
November 24, 2011
Source:
University of Illinois at Chicago
Summary:
Researchers have described for the first time a key target of DNA damage checkpoint enzymes that must be chemically modified to enable stable maintenance of chromosome ends by telomerase, an enzyme thought to play a key role in cancer and aging.
Share:
FULL STORY

Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine describe for the first time a key target of DNA damage checkpoint enzymes that must be chemically modified to enable stable maintenance of chromosome ends by telomerase, an enzyme thought to play a key role in cancer and aging.

Their findings are reported online in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology.

Telomeres are the natural ends of chromosomes, consisting of specialized DNA-and-protein structures that protect chromosome ends and ensure faithful duplication of chromosomes in actively dividing cells. An essential player in telomere maintenance is an enzyme complex called telomerase. Without telomerase, telomeres become progressively shorter each time the cell divides.

If telomeres become too short, chromosome ends will be recognized as broken, prompting DNA-damage checkpoint proteins to halt cell division and DNA repair proteins to fuse or rearrange the chromosome ends. Telomere dysfunction has been linked to tumor formation and premature aging in humans.

The UIC study, led by Toru Nakamura, associate professor of biochemistry and molecular genetics, focused on understanding how two DNA-damage checkpoint enzymes called ATM and ATR contribute to the regulation of telomerase.

"Our current study found that ATM and ATR help to switch on the telomere complex by chemically modifying a specific target protein bound to telomeric DNA, which then attracts telomerase, much like honey bees are attracted if flowers open and show bright colors," Nakamura said.

The study was done in fission yeast cells, a model organism that utilizes very similar protein complexes as human cells do to maintain telomeres. Previous discoveries in fission yeast have provided key information that helped identify several key factors required in maintenance of human telomeres.

Nakamura thinks that a similar ATM/ATR-dependent molecular switch may exist in human cells to regulate telomere maintenance. However, certain details of the protective complex regulation may be different, he noted.

Because deregulation of telomere maintenance mechanisms is a key event in tumor formation, understanding how cellular components collaborate to generate functional telomeres may be important to finding ways to prevent cancer, Nakamura said.

The study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Federal Work Study Program. Bettina Moser, UIC research assistant professor in biochemistry and molecular genetics, was first author of the study. Graduate student Ya-Ting Chang and undergraduate student Jorgena Kosti also contributed to the study.


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Illinois at Chicago. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Bettina A Moser, Ya-Ting Chang, Jorgena Kosti, Toru M Nakamura. Tel1ATM and Rad3ATR kinases promote Ccq1-Est1 interaction to maintain telomeres in fission yeast. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2187

Cite This Page:

University of Illinois at Chicago. "Key to aging? Key molecular switch for telomere extension by telomerase identified." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 24 November 2011. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111123133522.htm>.
University of Illinois at Chicago. (2011, November 24). Key to aging? Key molecular switch for telomere extension by telomerase identified. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 29, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111123133522.htm
University of Illinois at Chicago. "Key to aging? Key molecular switch for telomere extension by telomerase identified." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111123133522.htm (accessed March 29, 2024).

Explore More

from ScienceDaily

RELATED STORIES