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Southern elephant seals may adjust their diving behavior to stay in prey patches

In areas where prey is abundant, dives are steeper during ascents and descents, and more sinuous at the bottom

Date:
December 14, 2016
Source:
PLOS
Summary:
When southern elephant seals find dense patches of prey, they dive and return to the surface at steeper angles, and are more sinuous at the bottom of a dive, according to a new study.
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When southern elephant seals find dense patches of prey, they dive and return to the surface at steeper angles, and are more sinuous at the bottom of a dive, according to a study published December 14, 2016 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Yves Le Bras from Centre d'Etude Biologiques de Chizé, and colleagues.

Female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) spend most of the year -- 10 months -- at sea, foraging for myctophids (lanternfish) and cephalopods. Unlike some predators, these seals need to return to the ocean's surface to breathe between dives for their prey, so efficient diving behavior is key to successful foraging. To see if the seals adjust their diving behavior with prey density, Le Bras and colleagues fitted nine female southern elephant seals in the Indian Ocean with loggers that recorded data including location, depth, acceleration, and horizontal speed.

The researchers found that diving seals made two major adjustments when encountering prey at high rates. First, the seals dove at steeper angles, reducing the transit phases of the dives, thus making them more efficient. Second, the seals were more sinuous at the bottom phase of dives, reducing the horizontal travel distance at the surface. This may counteract horizontal displacement from water currents, helping the seals stay in favorable prey patches.

While only nine seals were included in the study, the researchers suggest that their findings may apply to other air-breathing divers that also eat small prey such as fishes or crustaceans. In contrast, air-breathing divers that favor large prey such as Antarctic toothfish may return to the surface to feed. This work may also help predict how changes in prey distribution might affect predator populations.


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Journal Reference:

  1. Yves Le Bras, Joffrey Jouma’a, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet. How Elephant Seals (Mirounga leonina) Adjust Their Fine Scale Horizontal Movement and Diving Behaviour in Relation to Prey Encounter Rate. PLOS ONE, 2016; 11 (12): e0167226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167226

Cite This Page:

PLOS. "Southern elephant seals may adjust their diving behavior to stay in prey patches." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 14 December 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161214151606.htm>.
PLOS. (2016, December 14). Southern elephant seals may adjust their diving behavior to stay in prey patches. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 23, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161214151606.htm
PLOS. "Southern elephant seals may adjust their diving behavior to stay in prey patches." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161214151606.htm (accessed April 23, 2024).

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