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Novel 'On-off Switch' Mechanism Stops Cancer In Its Tracks

Date:
September 24, 2009
Source:
Yale University
Summary:
A tiny bit of genetic material with no previously known function may hold the key to stopping the spread of cancer, researchers in the U.S. and China report.
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FULL STORY

A tiny bit of genetic material with no previously known function may hold the key to stopping the spread of cancer, researchers at Yale School of Medicine and Sichuan University in Chengdu, China report in two papers in the September 7-11 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

In the papers, Alan Garen of the Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry at Yale and his colleague Xu Song explain how cancer may overcome an organism's natural "stop sign" for cell division.

During early development, stem cells give rise to other cells that differentiate into all types of tissue. New cell division and proliferation stop as the organism matures. However, cancer can hijack this process and trigger the uncontrolled cell division that produces cancer tumors.

One mechanism that stops cell proliferation is a family of tumor-suppressor proteins (TSP) that bind to and block the function of proto-oncogenes, or genes that have the potential to trigger cancer.

Garen's team working with mice found that an RNA molecule from an area of the genome that does not produce proteins prevents a type of TSP from inactivating these incipient cancer genes. The TSP protein they studied, called PSF, is virtually identical in mice and humans, he said.

The Yale team succeeded in preventing the formation of tumors in mice by either increasing the amount of PSF or decreasing the amount of the non-coding RNA in a cell.

"The tumor cell stops proliferating and the tumor regresses in a mouse model of cancer, suggesting that both procedures could be the basis of a clinical protocol," said Garen, who is a member of Yale Cancer Center.

Garen and his colleagues plan to continue their studies on the mechanism that regulates the amount of PSF-binding RNA in a cell, which they believe is central to the origins of cancer.

The other authors on the papers are Ling Li, Gang Wang, Tingting Feng, Ying Cui, Yingying Lian, and Guangfeng Zhang, and Xu Song, who are in the laboratory established by Xu Song at Sichuan University in China after he left Yale.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Yale University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Gang Wang, Ying Cui, Guangfeng Zhang, Alan Garen, and Xu Song. Regulation of proto-oncogene transcription, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis in mice by PSF protein and a VL30 noncoding RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909022106

Cite This Page:

Yale University. "Novel 'On-off Switch' Mechanism Stops Cancer In Its Tracks." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 24 September 2009. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090923143341.htm>.
Yale University. (2009, September 24). Novel 'On-off Switch' Mechanism Stops Cancer In Its Tracks. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090923143341.htm
Yale University. "Novel 'On-off Switch' Mechanism Stops Cancer In Its Tracks." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090923143341.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

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