New! Sign up for our free email newsletter.
Science News
from research organizations

New coronal mass ejection simulations hold promise for future of space weather forecasting

Date:
March 1, 2016
Source:
Nagoya University
Summary:
Researchers have successfully profiled passage of a magnetic cloud within a mass ejection event from the sun. This success in the accurate simulation of a magnetic flux rope's arrival on Earth provides vital improvements for real-time forecasting of space weather events.
Share:
FULL STORY

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are massive expulsions of magnetic flux into space from the solar corona, the ionized atmosphere surrounding the sun. Magnetic storms arising from CMEs pose radiation hazards that can damage satellites and that can negatively impact communications systems and electricity on Earth. Accurate predictions of such events are invaluable in space weather forecasting.

A new and robust simulation code for CME events was developed based on the realistic description of the mechanisms behind CME generation and their propagation through space. An article recently published in Space Weather presents their results from the method, which was successfully validated using observational data from a series of CME events reaching Earth's position around Halloween of 2003.

"Our model is able to simulate complex 'flux ropes', taking into account the mechanisms behind CME generation derived from real-time solar observations. With this model, we can simulate multiple CMEs propagating through space. A part of the magnetic flux of the original flux rope inside the CME directed southward was found to reach Earth, and that can cause a magnetic storm," explains lead author Daikou Shiota of the Nagoya University Institute of Space and Earth Environmental Research. The new model represents a significant step in space weather research. "The inclusion of the flux rope mechanism helps us predict the amplitude of the magnetic field within a CME that reaches Earth's position, and accurately predicts its arrival time," Shiota says.

A series of CMEs occurring in late-October 2003 released large flares of magnetic energy that reached Earth several days later, causing radio blackouts and satellite communications failures. Data from these events were used to validate the approach taken in the new model.

"In our validation, we were able to predict the arrival of a huge magnetic flux capable of causing one of the largest magnetic storms in the last two decades," says coauthor Ryuho Kataoka of the National Institute of Polar Research and the Department of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies). "Because our model does not simulate the solar coronal region, its computational speed is fast enough to operate under real-time forecasting conditions. This has various applications in ensemble space weather forecasting, radiation belt forecasting, and for further study of the effects of CME-generated solar winds on the larger magnetic structure of our solar system." Shiota says.

This is a new generation of a well-developed complex flux rope within a CME model, and it provides a valuable step towards enhanced operational space weather forecasting. These findings will significantly contribute to accurately predicting magnetic fields in space and enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind CME events.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Nagoya University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. D. Shiota, R. Kataoka. Magnetohydrodynamic simulation of interplanetary propagation of multiple coronal mass ejections with internal magnetic flux rope (SUSANOO-CME). Space Weather, 2016; DOI: 10.1002/2015SW001308

Cite This Page:

Nagoya University. "New coronal mass ejection simulations hold promise for future of space weather forecasting." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 1 March 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160301114549.htm>.
Nagoya University. (2016, March 1). New coronal mass ejection simulations hold promise for future of space weather forecasting. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160301114549.htm
Nagoya University. "New coronal mass ejection simulations hold promise for future of space weather forecasting." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160301114549.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

Explore More

from ScienceDaily

RELATED STORIES