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Into the light

Modeling the fluorescence enhancing capabilities of materials paves the way for more sensitive biological and chemical tracking technologies

Date:
December 19, 2016
Source:
The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
Summary:
Modeling the fluorescence enhancing capabilities of materials paves the way for more sensitive biological and chemical tracking technologies.
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Modeling the fluorescence enhancing capabilities of materials paves the way for more sensitive biological and chemical tracking technologies.

The capacity of various noble metals and dielectrics to enhance fluorescence has been compared by Singapore's Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) researchers, with a view for more sensitive technologies to create new applications in biology and medicine.

Fluorescence occurs when an electron, after excitation from a fluorophore molecule, drops back from the excited state back to its ground state and emits a photon of light. Utilizing this phenomena, fluorescent labeling, a highly sensitive and non-destructive technique, allows for binding to a specific region or functional group on a target molecule, such as a protein or enzyme.

Fluorescent labeling is commonly used for tracking biological or chemical compounds in mineralogy, forensics, and medicine. Its application in DNA sequencing, molecular and cell biology, and the food safety industry is also attracting considerable interest, but relies upon light emitted by a single fluorophore, which is generally weak, thwarting its sensitivity.

This is pushing the search for technologies that amplify the fluorescence, spurring Bai Ping and colleagues from the Electronics and Photonics Department at the A*STAR Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing to compare the fluorescence enhancing capabilities of dielectric nanoparticles and silver and gold plasmonic metal nanoparticles.

"Previously, metals have been used because they are able to confine the light into a small area, producing a stronger signal," explains Bai. "But, when the metal is placed close to the fluorophore, some of the light is re-absorbed by the metal -- called quenching -- reducing its fluorescence enhancing capabilities."

As dielectric materials do not undergo quenching, particularly in the visible light range, they have also been used; but have poorer confinement capabilities compared to metals.

"A hybrid that combines the advantages of both materials is needed," Bai says. "Our work compares the performance of both materials by taking their structures and operating environments into account, providing for an objective comparison."

Because of the tiny distances between the materials and the fluorophores, an experimental comparison is very challenging. The researchers used a simulation based on a simple sphere nanoparticle model, and observed the fluorescence enhancement in an air and water environment. This allowed them to observe the different physical confinement characteristics for each material.

"Our results show that in air the dielectric is better, but in water the metals perform better," says Bai. "This provided us with knowledge to explore new materials and structures that could combine the advantages of both materials, with the potential for more sensitive technologies."

The A*STAR-affiliated researchers contributing to this research are from the Institute of High Performance Computing. For more information about the team's research, please visit the Photonics & Plasmonics Group webpage.


Story Source:

Materials provided by The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. S. Sun, L. Wu, P. Bai, C. E. Png. Fluorescence enhancement in visible light: dielectric or noble metal? Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016; 18 (28): 19324 DOI: 10.1039/C6CP03303B

Cite This Page:

The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). "Into the light." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 December 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161219100553.htm>.
The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). (2016, December 19). Into the light. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161219100553.htm
The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). "Into the light." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161219100553.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

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