New! Sign up for our free email newsletter.
Science News
from research organizations

Harvesting resources on Mars with plasmas

A plasma-based method may one day convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and produce fuels, fertilizers on the red planet

Date:
August 16, 2022
Source:
American Institute of Physics
Summary:
Researchers have devised a plasma-based way to produce and separate oxygen within the Martian environment. It's a complementary approach to NASA's Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment and may deliver high rates of molecule production per kilogram of instrumentation sent to space. The team presents the method for harnessing and processing local resources to generate products on Mars.
Share:
FULL STORY

An international team of researchers came up with a plasma-based way to produce and separate oxygen within the Martian environment. It's a complementary approach to NASA's Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, and it may deliver high rates of molecule production per kilogram of instrumentation sent to space.

Such a system could play a critical role in the development of life-support systems on Mars and the feedstock and base chemicals necessary for processing fuels, building materials, and fertilizers.

In the Journal of Applied Physics, from AIP Publishing, the team from the University of Lisbon, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sorbonne University, Eindhoven University of Technology, and the Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research presented a method for harnessing and processing local resources to generate products on Mars. Natural conditions on the red planet are nearly ideal for in situ resource utilization by plasmas, since the atmosphere is primarily formed by carbon dioxide that can be split to produce oxygen and its pressure is favorable for plasma ignition.

Two big hurdles stand in the way of producing oxygen on Mars.

"First, the decomposition of carbon dioxide molecules to extract oxygen. It's a very difficult molecule to break," said author Vasco Guerra, of the University of Lisbon. "Second, the separation of the produced oxygen from a gas mixture that also contains, for example, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. We're looking at these two steps in a holistic way to solve both challenges at the same time. This is where plasmas can help."

Plasma is the fourth natural state of matter, and it contains free charged particles, such as electrons and ions. Electrons are light and easily accelerated up to very high energies with electric fields.

"When bulletlike electrons collide with a carbon dioxide molecule, they can directly decompose it or transfer energy to make it vibrate," Guerra said. "This energy can be channeled, to a large extent, into carbon dioxide decomposition. Together with our colleagues in France and the Netherlands, we experimentally demonstrated the validity of these theories. Moreover, the heat generated in the plasma is also beneficial for the separation of oxygen."

Oxygen is key to creating a breathable environment, as well as the starting point to produce fuels and fertilizers for future Martian agriculture. Local production of fuels will be important for future missions. All are essential for future human settlement on Mars.

By dissociating carbon dioxide molecules to produce green fuels and recycle chemicals, the plasma technology may also aid in addressing climate change on Earth.


Story Source:

Materials provided by American Institute of Physics. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. V. Guerra, T. Silva, N. Pinhão, O. Guaitella, C. Guerra-Garcia, F. J. J. Peeters, M. N. Tsampas, M. C. M. van de Sanden. Plasmas for in situ resource utilization on Mars: Fuels, life support, and agriculture. Journal of Applied Physics, 2022; 132 (7): 070902 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098011

Cite This Page:

American Institute of Physics. "Harvesting resources on Mars with plasmas." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 August 2022. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220816120214.htm>.
American Institute of Physics. (2022, August 16). Harvesting resources on Mars with plasmas. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 31, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220816120214.htm
American Institute of Physics. "Harvesting resources on Mars with plasmas." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220816120214.htm (accessed October 31, 2024).

Explore More

from ScienceDaily

RELATED STORIES