Triglyceride is a type of fat in the blood. Elevated levels in the blood -- hypertriglyceridemia -- have been linked to coronary artery disease. In the study, researchers tested a new compound in mice genetically altered to be deficient in a protein called apolipoprotein (apo)A-V, which causes them to have high blood levels of triglycerides. ApoA-V boosts the efficiency of lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme needed to break down triglycerides. The active compound consists of apoA-V complexed with phospholipid to form a reconstituted high density lipoprotein (HDL). The researchers administered the compound in the mice intravenously.

"We asked a simple question: If you just inject apoA-V into these mice that are lacking apoA-V and have very high levels of triglyceride, will it go down?" said Trudy Forte, Ph.D., study senior author and a scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute in California. "We were very gratified to see that it went down, and it continued to do so over an eight-hour period."

By the end of the treatment, triglycerides had dropped about 87 percent.

However, in engineered mice lacking a protein called GPIHBP1, which also leads to very high triglycerides, the apoA-V injection didn't lower levels.

Intravenous apA-V may have a therapeutic benefit in humans with severely elevated triglycerides due to genetic changes that affect their levels of apoA-V, the researchers said.

Co-authors are: Xiao Shu, Ph.D.; Lisa Nelbach, Ph.D.; Michael M. Weinstein, Ph.D.; Braydon L. Burgess, M.S.; Jennifer A. Beckstead, M.S.; Stephen G. Young, M.D.; and Robert O. Ryan, Ph.D. Author disclosures and sources of funding are on the manuscript.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

• Triglycerides
• Cholesterol
• Heart Disease
• Blood Clots
• Nutrition
• Genes

• Low density lipoprotein
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Saturated fat
• High density lipoprotein
• Cholesterol
• High fructose corn syrup