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Secret of sperm quality control revealed

Date:
February 16, 2012
Source:
Yale University
Summary:
Researchers have discovered how the "guardian of the genome'' oversees quality control in the production of sperm -- and perhaps in many other cells as well.
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Yale researchers have discovered how the "guardian of the genome'' oversees quality control in the production of sperm -- and perhaps in many other cells as well.

The research published online Feb. 16 in the journal Current Biology opens up the potential of developing new forms of birth control and fertility treatment -- and even new ways to combat many forms of cancer.

Sperm and other cells go through a sort of inspection process triggered by a key regulatory gene, p53, which orders the destruction of cells with damaged DNA. This ability has earned it the title of "guardian of the genome," and damage to p53 has been implicated in many forms of cancer.

By studying sperm production in mice, "we have identified p53's new boss, which controls p53 in a way that had been hypothesized before but had not been shown in any animal," said Haifan Lin, professor of cell biology and of genetics, director of the Yale Stem Cell Center, and senior author of the paper.

The Yale team found among more than 1,500 micro-RNA molecules involved in many cellular processes, a regulator called Pumilo 1 controls eight that interact with p53 in sperm production. When Pumilo 1 is deleted in mice, sperm production and fertility are reduced because p53 becomes over active and orders the destruction of too many sperm. The mechanism may play a key role in male fertility, but it could also be implicated in many biological processes because protection of DNA is so fundamental to life, Lin noted.

"This is a crucial gate-keeping mechanism which allows bad cells, but not good cells, to be killed," Lin said. "This same process may be at play in other tissues, such as cancer."

Dong Chen was lead author of the study. Wei Zheng, Aiping Lin, Katherine Uyhazi, and Hongyu Zhao are other contributing authors from Yale.

The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and supported by the Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award grant from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences at the NIH.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Yale University. Original written by Bill Hathaway. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Dong Chen, Wei Zheng, Aiping Lin, Katherine Uyhazi, Hongyu Zhao, Haifan Lin. Pumilio 1 Suppresses Multiple Activators of p53 to Safeguard Spermatogenesis. Current Biology, 2012; DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.039

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Yale University. "Secret of sperm quality control revealed." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 February 2012. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120216133432.htm>.
Yale University. (2012, February 16). Secret of sperm quality control revealed. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 4, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120216133432.htm
Yale University. "Secret of sperm quality control revealed." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120216133432.htm (accessed October 4, 2024).

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