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Introgression in pig genome leads to their altitude adaptation

Date:
January 27, 2015
Source:
BGI Shenzhen
Summary:
Research on genetic mechanism of pig altitude-adaptations underlines the importance of introgression for the first time as a potential reason for pig adaptations to cold and hot environments. This study has provided novel insights into the evolutionary history of pigs and the role of introgression in adaptation more generally.
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Scientists from Jiangxi Agricultural University, BGI and University of California published their latest research on genetic mechanism of pig altitude-adaptations in Nature Genetics online. Their research underlined the importance of introgression for the first time as a potential reason for pig adaptations to cold and hot environments, which provided novel insights into the evolutionary history of pigs and the role of introgression in adaptation more generally.

Pigs, as one of the earliest domesticated animals, were domesticated largely in Near East and China approximately 10,000 years ago. Since then, under the combined effects of natural selection and human-driven artificial selection, pigs evolved phenotypic diversity in appearance, fertility, growth, palatability, and local fitness. As the genetic basis of those adaptive evolution remained largely unexplored, scientists of this article conducted whole-genome sequencing and selective sweep analysis trying to figure out the genetic basis contributed to the adaptation of domesticated Chinese pig breeds, especially related to thermostatic regulation for varying-latitude environments.

In the current study, the scientists selected 69 pig individuals represented 11 geographically diverse breeds and 3 populations of wild boar from cold and hot environments in China. This is one of the first population genomics analyses to use high-coverage whole-genome sequencing in pigs, each individual has been sequenced more than 20-fold depth with the genome coverage of 95%. Totally, 41 million variants have been identified, with 21 million variants were absent from the dbSNP database. Substantially, a nearly complete catalogue of the genetic variants has been compiled, which allowed the scientist to identify a genome-wide set of loci for local adaptation in Chinese pigs.

From the genome wide scan, a set of gene loci correspond to thermostatic regulation has been identified. Notably, an exceptionally large (14 Mb) and low-recombination region on the X chromosome appeared to have two distinct haplotypes in the high- and low-latitude populations, which may be possibly responsible for adaptations to cold and hot environments respectively. Another surprising finding of this study was that the adaptive haplotype in the high-latitude populations was likely introduced from another divergent Sus species. This is the first example of adaptive evolution triggered by interspecies introgression in domesticated animals, which gave us a clue that introgression event between divergent species may be an important resource for evolutionary adaptation and could largely facilitate this process.

Likai Mao, the project manager of BGI, said, "We found lots of loci could be related with environmental adaptation. When we noticed a big region with special pattern on the haplotype figure of chromosome X, we knew something must be there. "


Story Source:

Materials provided by BGI Shenzhen. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Huashui Ai, Xiaodong Fang, Bin Yang, Zhiyong Huang, Hao Chen, Likai Mao, Feng Zhang, Lu Zhang, Leilei Cui, Weiming He, Jie Yang, Xiaoming Yao, Lisheng Zhou, Lijuan Han, Jing Li, Silong Sun, Xianhua Xie, Boxian Lai, Ying Su, Yao Lu, Hui Yang, Tao Huang, Wenjiang Deng, Rasmus Nielsen, Jun Ren, Lusheng Huang. Adaptation and possible ancient interspecies introgression in pigs identified by whole-genome sequencing. Nature Genetics, 2015; DOI: 10.1038/ng.3199

Cite This Page:

BGI Shenzhen. "Introgression in pig genome leads to their altitude adaptation." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 27 January 2015. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150127111446.htm>.
BGI Shenzhen. (2015, January 27). Introgression in pig genome leads to their altitude adaptation. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 18, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150127111446.htm
BGI Shenzhen. "Introgression in pig genome leads to their altitude adaptation." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150127111446.htm (accessed March 18, 2024).

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