Survival of skin cancer is known to be influenced by gender, with female patients demonstrating higher rates of survival linked to the melanoma sites tending to occur in the lower body, rather than men, who tend to be affected in the upper body, neck and scalp.

In this study, the team from King's College London analysed a large group of 3,200 healthy twins, predominately female, and counted moles on their head and neck, back, abdomen and chest, upper limbs and lower limbs.

They found that:

• In women, the lowest genetic effect on mole count was on the back and abdomen (26%), and the highest on the lower limbs (69%)
• The larger number of moles on women's lower limbs is unlikely to be due to sun exposure alone but down to a sex-specific genetic make up

Lead researcher Dr Alessia Visconti, from the Department of Twin Research at King's College London, said: "We've known for some time that moles are a major risk factor for melanoma skin cancer. With this research we now know that not only the number but also the location of moles on the body is in large part due to genetics.

"Our results add to previous evidence that indicates greater sun exposure alone is unlikely to be the reason why women have more moles on their legs.

"While sun exposure does contribute to mole count and skin cancer risk, policymakers, campaigners and health researchers will need to take the sex-specific genetic element into account when developing strategies to prevent and treat skin cancer."

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Journal Reference:

1. Alessia Visconti, Simone Ribero, Marianna Sanna, Timothy D. Spector, Veronique Bataille, Mario Falchi. Body site‐specific genetic effects influence naevus count distribution in women. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 2019; DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12820