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An oral splint that can reduce Tourette syndrome tics

Oral device effectively reduces motor and vocal tics in patients with Tourette syndrome

Date:
September 10, 2019
Source:
Osaka University
Summary:
Researchers developed a new device that ameliorates the characteristic vocal and motor tics of Tourette syndrome. By biting down on the simple, removable oral splint, both adults and children with Tourette syndrome experienced a reduction in their tics. The action of biting down on the oral splint could serve as a sensory trick; sensory tricks are known to ameliorate motor symptoms in cervical dystonia. The device might be particularly effective in children.
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Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics, which can contribute to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Researchers in Japan have developed a removable dental appliance that can reduce these tics in both children and adults with Tourette syndrome. The ability to ameliorate tics could positively impact the everyday lives of individuals with Tourette syndrome.

While there is no cure for Tourette syndrome, there are several available options to treat severe tics. These include behavioral (e.g. psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy), pharmacological (e.g. medications that block dopamine in the brain), and more intrusive surgical interventions (e.g. deep brain stimulation, whereby motor areas of the brain receive electrical stimulation). However, the efficacy of these treatments can vary, and patients still frequently suffer from physical, mental, and social disabilities. As an alternative treatment option, researchers at Osaka University have developed a custom-made oral splint. These are typically used for unconscious teeth clenching and grinding, and for temporomandibular disorders such as misalignment of the teeth or jaw. The oral splint is applied to the molars to increase the occlusal vertical dimension, which essentially means that the alignment of the nose, lips, and chin is altered. The study was recently published in Movement Disorders.

"Biting down on the device immediately improved both motor and vocal tics in 10 of the 14 children and 6 of the 8 adults that participated in the study," says Jumpei Murakami, joint first author of the study. "What's more, these effects were long lasting. Long-term improvements in motor tics after more than 100 days were especially evident in patients who were younger when their tics first started."

While it isn't yet clear how the oral splint exerts these effects, the action of biting down could serve as a sensory trick. Sensory tricks are voluntary maneuvers that usually involve touching parts of the face and head, and can alleviate involuntary movements. Sensory tricks have been well documented to temporarily improve dystonia, which is a movement disorder that is, like Tourette syndrome, characterized by uncontrollable tics.

"Considering previous findings on sensory tricks in patients with cervical dystonia, it seems possible that the oral splint modulates proprioceptive, or 'touch' signals," explains Yoshihisa Tachibana, co-first author of the study. "These 'touch' signals might be modified by the muscles involved in jaw-closing before being relayed to the brain."

While larger-scale studies are needed, the oral splint has clear therapeutic potential. As well as enhancing quality of life, ameliorating tics could improve psychosocial functioning in patients with Tourette syndrome.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Osaka University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Jumpei Murakami, Yoshihisa Tachibana, Shigehisa Akiyama, Takafumi Kato, Aya Taniguchi, Yoshiaki Nakajima, Mao Shimoda, Hiroaki Wake, Yukiko Kano, Masahiko Takada, Atsushi Nambu, Atsushi Yoshida. Oral splint ameliorates tic symptoms in patients with tourette syndrome. Movement Disorders, 2019; DOI: 10.1002/mds.27819

Cite This Page:

Osaka University. "An oral splint that can reduce Tourette syndrome tics." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 10 September 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/09/190910095417.htm>.
Osaka University. (2019, September 10). An oral splint that can reduce Tourette syndrome tics. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 6, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/09/190910095417.htm
Osaka University. "An oral splint that can reduce Tourette syndrome tics." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/09/190910095417.htm (accessed December 6, 2024).

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