Scared of spiders? Scientists say the real nightmare is losing them

"Insects and arachnids are fundamental for human society," says Laura Figueroa, assistant professor of environmental conservation at UMass Amherst and the study's senior author. "They help with pollination and biological control of pests; they can serve as monitors of air and water quality, and they have worked their way deeply into many cultures throughout the world" -- think of Aragog in the Harry Potter book series, for example. "Many people care about popular charismatic animals on the planet, like lions and pandas, which, justly, have received international conservation attention. Given that insects and arachnids don't usually get the same attention, we wanted to know how they were doing."

Nearly 90% of Species Lack Conservation Status

To understand the condition of these often overlooked creatures, Figueroa and her graduate student Wes Walsh, the paper's lead author, compiled conservation assessments for the 99,312 known insect and arachnid species living in North America north of Mexico. The results were startling.

"Almost 90% -- 88.5% to be precise -- of insect and arachnid species have no conservation status," says Figueroa. "We simply have no idea how they are doing. Almost nothing is known about the conservation needs of most insects and arachnids in North America."

The limited information that does exist is uneven. Much of the available research focuses on aquatic insects that help scientists monitor water quality (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies). Meanwhile, more visually appealing insect groups such as butterflies and dragonflies receive a disproportionate share of conservation protections.

"Arachnids, in particular, are really missing from conservation; most states don't even protect a single species. We need more data and protection for insects, but also arachnids," says Walsh.

Conservation Protection Varies by State

The researchers also found patterns in which states are more likely to protect these species. States that depend heavily on extractive industries such as mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction tended to offer fewer protections for insects and arachnids. In contrast, states where public attitudes are more environmentally focused were more likely to safeguard a larger number of species.

Lessons From Successful Bird Conservation

Figueroa points to bird conservation as an example of how coordinated efforts can make a difference. Programs focused on birds have achieved far greater success in protecting and recovering species.

"The research shows that you get the best conservation efforts when broad, diverse coalitions come together," she says. "In the case of birds, it was hunters, bird watchers, nonprofit organizations and many other constituencies who banded together to reach a common goal."

Why Insects and Arachnids Deserve Protection

"Insects and arachnids are more than objects of fear," says Walsh, who sports a beautiful spider tattoo on his arm. "We need to appreciate them for their ecological importance, and that begins with collecting more data and considering them worthy of conservation."