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Reference Terms
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Brain

Brain refers to the complex organ inside the skull that serves as the command center for the entire nervous system. It’s the most sophisticated biological structure known to science, responsible for everything from basic survival functions—like breathing and heartbeat regulation—to higher-order abilities such as thinking, learning, emotions, creativity, and memory. Packed with about 86 billion neurons, the human brain processes vast amounts of information every second, constantly receiving signals from the body and environment and deciding how to respond.

Structurally, the brain is divided into specialized regions. The cerebrum, the largest part, handles conscious thought, language, and voluntary movement. The cerebellum fine-tunes coordination and balance, while the brainstem controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate. Other parts, like the hippocampus and amygdala, are key players in memory and emotion. These areas work together through networks of neurons and chemical messengers called neurotransmitters, forming the basis of everything we think and feel.

In science, the brain is a frontier of endless fascination. Neuroscientists study how it develops, how it adapts (a feature called plasticity), and what goes wrong in diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Cutting-edge fields like neuroimaging and brain-computer interfaces aim to decode brain activity and even connect minds to machines. While we still have much to learn, one thing is clear: the brain isn’t just where we store knowledge—it’s what makes knowledge, experience, and consciousness possible. It’s the ultimate engine behind being human.

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Mind & Brain News

June 17, 2026

A Rutgers study suggests GLP-1 drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy may weaken the link between impulsive tendencies and violent behavior. The surprising finding hints that these medications could affect how people act on impulses, though researchers ...
Exposure to a common plastic chemical before and shortly after birth may have lasting effects on behavior. Researchers found that male rats exposed early in life to DEHP—a plasticizer used in products ranging from medical devices to toys—showed ...
A small clinical trial suggests that probiotics may offer a surprising mental health boost for older adults with depression. Seniors who took a daily probiotic alongside their regular antidepressant treatment experienced slightly greater ...
Depression appears to change what children notice in the faces around them, but the effect depends on family history. Kids with a higher inherited risk became more focused on sadness, while lower-risk children lost some of their natural attention to ...
Diabetes and dementia appear to be closely intertwined, with each condition potentially influencing the other. Problems with insulin and glucose can affect the brain’s energy supply, increase inflammation, and damage blood vessels linked to memory ...
A copper-based compound restored the brain’s ability to clear toxic Alzheimer’s proteins, dramatically reducing amyloid buildup and improving memory in laboratory experiments. The findings point to a potentially fast-tracked new treatment ...
A large-scale study suggests that men with higher levels of the amino acid tyrosine may have shorter lifespans, potentially losing close to a year of life expectancy. The finding is especially intriguing because tyrosine is commonly associated with ...
A new international study finds that middle-aged Americans are lonelier, more depressed, and experiencing worse memory and health than earlier generations. Researchers say growing financial strain, weaker social supports, and chronic stress may ...
A three-year study of nearly 4,000 adults ranging from age 19 to 94 found that brain health can improve at any age, challenging the common belief that mental sharpness must decline as we get older. Participants spent just a few minutes a day on ...
A child psychologist says grandparents are more important than ever as youth mental health challenges continue to rise. He argues that children need supportive relationships, meaningful conversations, and a sense of purpose—not just pressure to ...
Scientists have uncovered a surprising new genetic cause of a rare movement disorder after analyzing nearly 3,000 patients with conditions affecting coordination and muscle control. The team identified mutations in a gene called CD99L2, previously ...
A new experimental vaccine developed by Scripps Research could offer a powerful new way to prevent fentanyl overdoses by stopping the drug before it reaches the brain. Rather than targeting only fentanyl itself, the vaccine trains the immune system ...

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