New! Sign up for our free email newsletter.
Reference Terms
from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brain

Brain refers to the complex organ inside the skull that serves as the command center for the entire nervous system. It’s the most sophisticated biological structure known to science, responsible for everything from basic survival functions—like breathing and heartbeat regulation—to higher-order abilities such as thinking, learning, emotions, creativity, and memory. Packed with about 86 billion neurons, the human brain processes vast amounts of information every second, constantly receiving signals from the body and environment and deciding how to respond.

Structurally, the brain is divided into specialized regions. The cerebrum, the largest part, handles conscious thought, language, and voluntary movement. The cerebellum fine-tunes coordination and balance, while the brainstem controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate. Other parts, like the hippocampus and amygdala, are key players in memory and emotion. These areas work together through networks of neurons and chemical messengers called neurotransmitters, forming the basis of everything we think and feel.

In science, the brain is a frontier of endless fascination. Neuroscientists study how it develops, how it adapts (a feature called plasticity), and what goes wrong in diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Cutting-edge fields like neuroimaging and brain-computer interfaces aim to decode brain activity and even connect minds to machines. While we still have much to learn, one thing is clear: the brain isn’t just where we store knowledge—it’s what makes knowledge, experience, and consciousness possible. It’s the ultimate engine behind being human.

Related Stories
 


Mind & Brain News

March 10, 2026

A new brain-imaging study has revealed how ketamine produces its fast antidepressant effects in people with treatment-resistant depression. Researchers tracked changes in a critical brain receptor that helps neurons communicate and found that ...
A massive UK study of more than 165,000 dementia patients has uncovered troubling new evidence about risperidone, a commonly used drug for severe agitation. Researchers found the antipsychotic increases stroke risk in dementia patients across the ...
Scientists are exploring a new way to harness the medical promise of psychedelic compounds without the mind-bending side effects. Researchers created modified versions of psilocin — the active form ...
Scientists have uncovered a surprising new role for little-known brain cells called tanycytes that may influence the development of Alzheimer’s disease. These specialized cells appear to help ...
Researchers have uncovered a surprising molecular chain reaction in the brain that may play a role in some forms of autism. The study suggests that nitric oxide, a tiny signaling molecule normally ...
Scientists studying 1,300 golden retrievers have uncovered genetic clues explaining why some dogs are more anxious, energetic, or aggressive than others. Remarkably, several of the same genes linked ...
Researchers have discovered a new way to increase a key brain protein damaged in Rett syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that affects thousands of children worldwide. Early studies in mice and patient-derived cells show the approach can restore ...
Cocaine addiction isn’t simply a failure of willpower — it’s the result of lasting biological changes in the brain. Researchers at Michigan State University discovered that repeated cocaine use rewires communication between the brain’s ...
A new experimental drug is showing remarkable promise for children with Dravet syndrome, a severe genetic form of epilepsy. In clinical trials, the treatment zorevunersen cut seizures by as much as 91% while also improving quality of life for many ...
A new study has uncovered why some brain cells are more resistant to Alzheimer’s damage than others. Researchers found a natural cleanup system that helps remove toxic tau protein before it can form harmful clumps. The study also shows that ...
As millions turn to ChatGPT and other AI chatbots for therapy-style advice, new research from Brown University raises a serious red flag: even when instructed to act like trained therapists, these systems routinely break core ethical standards of ...
Scientists at Rice University have produced the first full, dye-free molecular atlas of an Alzheimer’s brain. By combining laser-based imaging with machine learning, they uncovered chemical changes ...

Latest Headlines

updated 12:56 pm ET