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Reference Terms
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Brain

Brain refers to the complex organ inside the skull that serves as the command center for the entire nervous system. It’s the most sophisticated biological structure known to science, responsible for everything from basic survival functions—like breathing and heartbeat regulation—to higher-order abilities such as thinking, learning, emotions, creativity, and memory. Packed with about 86 billion neurons, the human brain processes vast amounts of information every second, constantly receiving signals from the body and environment and deciding how to respond.

Structurally, the brain is divided into specialized regions. The cerebrum, the largest part, handles conscious thought, language, and voluntary movement. The cerebellum fine-tunes coordination and balance, while the brainstem controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate. Other parts, like the hippocampus and amygdala, are key players in memory and emotion. These areas work together through networks of neurons and chemical messengers called neurotransmitters, forming the basis of everything we think and feel.

In science, the brain is a frontier of endless fascination. Neuroscientists study how it develops, how it adapts (a feature called plasticity), and what goes wrong in diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Cutting-edge fields like neuroimaging and brain-computer interfaces aim to decode brain activity and even connect minds to machines. While we still have much to learn, one thing is clear: the brain isn’t just where we store knowledge—it’s what makes knowledge, experience, and consciousness possible. It’s the ultimate engine behind being human.

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Mind & Brain News

July 13, 2026

A new study suggests the brain begins making decisions much earlier than scientists previously thought. Researchers found that even primary sensory regions are influenced by higher brain areas through rapid feedback loops, rather than simply passing ...
Researchers analyzing data from more than 214,000 people found that dementia risk factors differ widely across countries, challenging the idea of a one-size-fits-all prevention strategy. At the same time, they uncovered surprisingly consistent ...
Researchers found that tau is essential for turning new experiences into lasting memories by helping organize the brain's memory-storing cells. The mouse study also revealed how abnormal tau may contribute to Alzheimer's by disrupting both the ...
Yale scientists discovered two neuron surface proteins that appear to help spread the toxic protein linked to Parkinson’s disease. Blocking these proteins in mice dramatically reduced disease ...
Researchers found that every pregnancy rewires the brain in its own way, with a second pregnancy bringing a different pattern of changes than the first. The discoveries could lead to better ways to recognize and treat maternal mental health ...
Scientists have redesigned a key piece of MRI hardware using metamaterials, allowing existing scanners to produce clearer images of difficult-to-see parts of the body in less time. The breakthrough could improve diagnoses, make scans more ...
Researchers have identified a previously overlooked mechanism of brain cell death that appears to play a major role in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. The finding could lead to new treatments aimed at slowing neuron loss by ...
Researchers have identified the brain circuitry that links deep sleep with the release of growth hormone, revealing how the two regulate each other. The newly discovered feedback loop helps explain ...
Using alcohol to cope with stress when young may permanently alter the brain, making it harder to adapt to challenges and increasing the risk of returning to drinking later in life. Researchers also found signs of brain damage associated with early ...
Some brains appear to fight back against Alzheimer's by helping immature brain cells survive damage instead of succumbing to it. Understanding this natural resilience could point researchers toward entirely new ways to protect memory and slow ...
Scientists have discovered that a common type of stroke may have a very different cause than doctors once thought. Instead of fatty plaque clogging arteries, the strongest link was found with enlarged and damaged blood vessels deep within the brain. ...
A surprising discovery is overturning a long-held assumption about how the brain’s movement center works. Researchers found that two key cerebellar cell types—thought to be tightly linked—often ...

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