The research was published in the Journal Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.

"Pollination services are vital to agricultural productivity in the UK," says lead author Tom Breeze. "As of 2007, 20% of the UK's cropland was covered by insect pollinated crops like oilseed rape and apples. For decades now we have assumed that honeybees have been providing the majority of pollination services to these systems but have very limited evidence to base this assumption on."

But the study, which compared the number of hives present in the UK with the numbers research suggests are required to optimise crop yields, demonstrates that the UK has, at best, only 1/3 of the honeybees it needs. This compares to 70% of its requirements in the 1980's. These astonishing declines in the capacity of honeybees to satisfy UK pollination requirements have raised questions about what other species may be providing services to UK cropland.

"You would think that such a severe deficit in honeybees would cause massive loss of crop productivity," adds Professor Simon Potts who led the study team. "However, examining yields of these crops since the 80's, they have just kept going up. While some of that is down to better production systems, other species have probably stepped in to fill the gap left by honeybees."

The results of the study demonstrate the need to explore what benefits UK crop growers are gaining from the UK's 250 species of wild bees, many of which are now threatened by intensive agricultural practices. However, the study also iterates that honeybees are still an important component in providing pollination services to UK agriculture with the authors citing examples from Scotland and the US where a combination of species is needed to maximise yield and quality.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

• Agriculture and Food
• New Species
• Endangered Plants

• Earth Science

• Monoculture
• Pollination management
• Beekeeping
• Alfalfa
• Africanized bee
• Characteristics of common wasps and bees