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Tunable windows for privacy, camouflage

Method turns glass from clear to opaque with the flick of a switch

Date:
March 14, 2016
Source:
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Summary:
Researchers have developed a technique that can quickly change the opacity of a window, turning it cloudy, clear or somewhere in between with the flick of a switch.
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Say goodbye to blinds.

Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a technique that can quickly change the opacity of a window, turning it cloudy, clear or somewhere in between with the flick of a switch.

Tunable windows aren't new but most previous technologies have relied on electrochemical reactions achieved through expensive manufacturing. This technology, developed by David Clarke, the Extended Tarr Family Professor of Materials, and postdoctoral fellow Samuel Shian, uses geometry adjust the transparency of a window.

The research is described in journal Optics Letters.

The tunable window is composed of a sheet of glass or plastic, sandwiched between transparent, soft elastomers sprayed with a coating of silver nanowires, too small to scatter light on their own.

But apply an electric voltage and things change quickly.

With an applied voltage, the nanowires on either side of the glass are energized to move toward each other, squeezing and deforming the soft elastomer. Because the nanowires are distributed unevenly across the surface, the elastomer deforms unevenly. The resulting roughness causes light to scatter, turning the glass opaque.

The change happens in less than a second.

It's like a frozen pond, said Shian.

"If the frozen pond is smooth, you can see through the ice. But if the ice is heavily scratched, you can't see through," said Shian.

Clarke and Shian found that the roughness of the elastomer surface depended on the voltage, so if you wanted a window that is only lightly clouded, you would apply less voltage than if you wanted a totally opaque window.

"Because this is a physical phenomenon rather than based on a chemical reaction, it is a simpler and potentially cheaper way to achieve commercial tunable windows," said Clarke.

Current chemical-based controllable windows use vacuum deposition to coat the glass, a process that deposits layers of a material molecule by molecule. It's expensive and painstaking. In Clarke and Shian's method, the nanowire layer can be sprayed or peeled onto the elastomer, making the technology scalable for larger architectural projects.

Next the team is working on incorporating thinner elastomers, which would require lower voltages, more suited for standard electrical supplies.

Harvard's Office of Technology Development has filed a patent application on the technology and is engaging with potential licensees in the glass manufacturing industry.

The research was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant CMMI-1333835 and in part by the MRSEC program of the national Science Foundation under Award number DMR 14-20570.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Original written by Leah Burrows. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Samuel Shian, David R. Clarke. Electrically tunable window device. Optics Letters, 2016; 41 (6): 1289 DOI: 10.1364/OL.41.001289

Cite This Page:

Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. "Tunable windows for privacy, camouflage." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 14 March 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160314111123.htm>.
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. (2016, March 14). Tunable windows for privacy, camouflage. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 2, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160314111123.htm
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. "Tunable windows for privacy, camouflage." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160314111123.htm (accessed December 2, 2024).

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