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Antibiotics increase availability of nutrients in the gut, enabling growth of pathogens

Date:
June 15, 2016
Source:
University of California - Davis Health System
Summary:
A newly discovered mechanism helps explain how antibiotics change the gut microbiota, increasing nutrients that benefit the growth of pathogens, like Salmonella.
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Research led by Andreas Bäumler, professor of medical immunology and microbiology at UC Davis Health System, has identified a new mechanism explaining how antibiotics change the gut microbiota, increasing nutrients that benefit the growth of pathogens, like Salmonella.

The research, published June 15 in the journal Nature, is important because changes in the gut microbiota underpin many human diseases and identifying a mechanism responsible for altering microbial communities opens the door to the development of new therapies designed to interrupt the chain of events that give these pathogens a growth advantage after antibiotic treatments.

"Research has traditionally focused on the mechanisms by which antibiotics help control the growth of bacteria or inform the development of new forumulations when bacteria become resistant to existing drugs," Franziska Faber, first author of the study, said. "But our research study is the first to show that Salmonella was able to flourish in the gut after antibiotic treatment because of the increased availability of oxidized sugars."

Gastroenteritis is a common side effect of taking antibiotics. While diarrhea may be mild and clear up after antibiotic therapy is completed, in some cases, it can lead to colitis, an inflammation of the colon, or more serious conditions that cause abdominal pain, fever and bloody diarrhea.

Bäumler's research found that oral antibiotic treatment increased the synthesis of a host enzyme that generates nitric oxide radicals, which can oxidize sugars into sugar acids, such as galactarate, a key driver of Salmonella growth.

"Taxonomists identified galactarate utilization empirically as a characteristic of Salmonella isolates causing gastroenteritis. The new study suggests that this property is part of a 'business plan' Salmonella uses to grow in the host intestine," Bäumler said.


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of California - Davis Health System. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Franziska Faber, Lisa Tran, Mariana X. Byndloss, Christopher A. Lopez, Eric M. Velazquez, Tobias Kerrinnes, Sean-Paul Nuccio, Tamding Wangdi, Oliver Fiehn, Renée M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Bäumler. Host-mediated sugar oxidation promotes post-antibiotic pathogen expansion. Nature, 2016; DOI: 10.1038/nature18597

Cite This Page:

University of California - Davis Health System. "Antibiotics increase availability of nutrients in the gut, enabling growth of pathogens." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 June 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160615134749.htm>.
University of California - Davis Health System. (2016, June 15). Antibiotics increase availability of nutrients in the gut, enabling growth of pathogens. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 6, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160615134749.htm
University of California - Davis Health System. "Antibiotics increase availability of nutrients in the gut, enabling growth of pathogens." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160615134749.htm (accessed October 6, 2024).

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